Because of the urgent needs of a large number of cancer patients, most
of these gene therapy trials are directed against cancer.
The proposed clinical trial, in which researchers would use CRISPR to engineer immune cells to fight cancer, won approval from the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, a panel that has traditionally vetted the safety and ethics
of gene therapy trials funded by the U.S. government and others.
Not exact matches
To date, no
gene therapies have yet been approved in the US, though one to treat another form
of LCA has had promising results in late - stage
trials.
Katherine High, Spark's president and chief scientific officer, expressed her enthusiasm for the early clinical data related to SPK - 8011: «The encouraging start
of our SPK - 8011 clinical
trial reinforces the strength
of our
gene therapy platform, delivers human proof -
of - concept in a second liver - mediated disease — a significant achievement in the
gene therapy field — and positions us well to potentially transform the current treatment approach for this life - altering disease with a one - time intervention.»
These allusions to the past aren't surprising considering how drastically the clinical
trial changed
gene therapy and, in particular, the career of James M. Wilson, the medical geneticist who headed Penn's Institute for Human Gene Therapy, where the test took pl
gene therapy and, in particular, the career of James M. Wilson, the medical geneticist who headed Penn's Institute for Human Gene Therapy, where the test took
therapy and, in particular, the career
of James M. Wilson, the medical geneticist who headed Penn's Institute for Human
Gene Therapy, where the test took pl
Gene Therapy, where the test took
Therapy, where the test took place.
Scientists believe that is what happened during a 1999 French
gene therapy trial on a group
of 10 young children with X-SCID, an immune deficiency disorder known as boy - in - the - bubble syndrome.
«My team at Nationwide Children's has worked with commitment and dedication to develop a
therapy that may subsequently be shown through future clinical trials to potentially alter the course of this unforgiving condition and provide a therapeutic option for the families and infants with SMA1,» says Jerry Mendell, MD, principal investigator in the Center for Gene Therapy at Nationwide Chil
therapy that may subsequently be shown through future clinical
trials to potentially alter the course
of this unforgiving condition and provide a therapeutic option for the families and infants with SMA1,» says Jerry Mendell, MD, principal investigator in the Center for
Gene Therapy at Nationwide Chil
Therapy at Nationwide Children's.
Philadelphia — Ten years ago this month the promise
of using normal
genes to cure hereditary defects crashed and burned, as Jesse Gelsinger, an 18 - year - old from Tucson, Ariz., succumbed to multiorgan failure during a
gene therapy trial at the University
of Pennsylvania.
This study represents a significant step towards the development
of clinical
trials in
gene therapy for the curative treatment
of hereditary deafness and balance loss in humans.
AveXis, Inc., a clinical - stage
gene therapy company developing treatments for patients suffering from rare and life - threatening neurological genetic diseases, announced in July 2016 that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the treatment based on preliminary clinical results from the trial of AVXS
therapy company developing treatments for patients suffering from rare and life - threatening neurological genetic diseases, announced in July 2016 that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Breakthrough
Therapy Designation for the treatment based on preliminary clinical results from the trial of AVXS
Therapy Designation for the treatment based on preliminary clinical results from the
trial of AVXS - 101.
The
trial he conducted tested the safety
of a
therapy for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, a rare disorder in which the liver lacks a functional copy
of the OTC
gene.
A one - time intravenous infusion
of the high dose
of gene therapy extended the survival
of patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) in a Phase 1 clinical
trial, according to a study published in the New England Journal
of Medicine.
«Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors are new
therapies being developed in clinical
trials for patients whose cancer cells have genetic alterations in this family
of genes,» says Roychowdhury, a member
of the OSUCCC — James Translational Therapeutics Program.
One clinical
trial involves the drug CGF166, a one - time
gene therapy, which, if proven successful in humans, could regenerate new hair cells within the cochlea that can signal the part
of the brain that processes sound.
A U.K. team is designing a clinical
trial even more radical than prenatal stem cell
therapy: the first ever test
of gene therapy in pregnancy.
Two
of 10 children treated with
gene therapy for SCID in a French
trial develop leukemia, researchers announced in 2002, and it is discovered that the virus had inserted
genes in several unexpected places around the genome, leading the cells to become cancerous.
Before moving on to human
trials, they will need to study all instances
of «off - target» effects: Years before Crispr, the viruses employed to deliver DNA in
gene therapy trials occasionally damaged the whole system, causing cancer.
Priscilla N. Kelly Associate Editor Education: B.Sc., University
of Western Australia; Ph.D., University
of Melbourne Areas
of responsibility: Preclinical development, translational medicine, cancer immunotherapy, drug discovery, clinical
trials,
gene and cell
therapy E-Mail:
[email protected]
After this incident, and the death in 1999
of a young man in a clinical
trial, apparently because
of an immune reaction to the treatment,
gene therapy research grounds nearly to a halt.
The tragic death
of 18 - year - old Jesse Gelsinger in a
trial last year marked a low point in the history
of gene therapy.
Regulators in the US could soon be asked to approve a human
trial of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis that uses a hybrid
of the HIV and Ebola viruses.
«Our
gene therapy protocol is not yet ready for clinical
trials — we need to tweak it a bit more — but in the not - too - distant future we think it could be developed for therapeutic use in humans,» says Jeffrey Holt, PhD, a scientist in the Department
of Otolaryngology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center at Boston Children's and an associate professor
of Otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School.
It showed effectiveness against liver cancer in a phase II clinical
trial and will move into a phase III
trial later this year, David Kirn, an oncologist and the company's president and chief executive officer, said at a recent meeting
of the American Society for
Gene & Cell
Therapy in Washington, D.C..
Ultimately, Holt hopes to partner with clinicians at Boston Children's Department
of Otolaryngology and elsewhere to start clinical
trials of TMC1
gene therapy within 5 to 10 years.
Researchers had thought such viruses safer than one that led to the death
of Pennsylvania teenager Jesse Gelsinger during a
gene therapy trial eight years ago.
The study demonstrated that a group
of trial participants with low 21 -
gene recurrence score (Oncotype DX ® Recurrence Score ®) results
of 10 or less who received hormonal
therapy alone without chemotherapy had less than a one percent chance
of distant recurrence at five years.
Gene therapy death The Food and Drug Administration stopped a gene therapy trial this week after a patient undergoing the experimental treatment for a severe form of arthritis had a fatal react
Gene therapy death The Food and Drug Administration stopped a
gene therapy trial this week after a patient undergoing the experimental treatment for a severe form of arthritis had a fatal react
gene therapy trial this week after a patient undergoing the experimental treatment for a severe form
of arthritis had a fatal reaction.
IN TWO months» time, a group
of profoundly deaf people could be able to hear again, thanks to the world's first
gene therapy trial for deafness.
Scientists believe that's what happened during a 1999 French
gene therapy trial on a group
of 10 infants with X-SCID, an immune deficiency disorder known as boy - in - the - bubble syndrome.
Most
gene -
therapy trials use viruses to deliver
genes to a patient's cells, and most
of those viruses are retroviruses, which have the ability to neatly splice their
genes — and the human
gene they're carrying — into a cell's chromosomes.
«The good news is that this finding predicts that patients missing either
gene should be sensitive to new
therapies targeting focal adhesion enzymes, which are currently being tested in early - stage clinical
trials,» says Shaw, who is also a member
of the Moores Cancer Center and an adjunct professor at the University
of California, San Diego.
«First
trial of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis to show beneficial effect on lung function.»
Despite expectations
of a rapid breakthrough, no cystic fibrosis
gene therapy trial so far has been able to show long - term clinical improvement.
What's more, none
of the patients experienced macrophage activate syndrome or cytokine release syndrome, an infusion reaction observed in other
gene therapy trials characterized by fever, nausea, chills, hypotension or a rash.
«A clinical
trial in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics in the immediate foreseeable future is quite realistic, given the impressive nature
of the reversal
of the diabetes, along with the feasibility in patients to do AAV
gene therapy.»
A number
of these
trials represent completely novel classes
of therapy, such as employing fragments
of RNA that interfere with problem
genes or developing vaccines meant to quell drug addiction.
Jonathan Appleby, GSK project leader for the ADA - SCID
trial and head
of cell and
gene therapy at the rare diseases unit, says there are many differences between working on this kind
of trial and working with one for a common disease.
Although several experimental
trials of gene therapy are under way, some
of them for more than a decade, uniQure is the first in the West to win regulatory approval for a commercial treatment.
As a new generation
of gene therapy clinical
trials shows promise to cure or halt the progression
of several rare diseases, the time has come to explore ways to pay for the cutting edge treatments, a pediatric hematologist - oncologist from Dana - Farber / Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center argues in a commentary published by the journal Science.
Boston Children's Hospital has offered non-exclusive licenses to for - profit entities on a patent developed by Orkin's laboratory regarding BCL11A, a genetic switch regulating hemoglobin production that is expected to form the basis
of clinical
trials for
gene therapy and
gene editing for sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
The LCA2
trials are a rare success for the field
of gene therapy, which has also cured children with the immune disorder known as bubble boy disease.
The announcement
of the
trial came last week from Cecil Clothier QC, chair
of the government committee on the ethics
of gene therapy.
The results drew attention in part because they come from the lab
of James Wilson at the University
of Pennsylvania, who led a 1999
trial in which a teenager died from an immune reaction to a different
gene therapy vector.
Previous hemophilia
gene therapy trials have been frustrated by an immune response to the
gene therapy product that limited the success
of the
therapy.
George notes, «Our goal in this
trial was to evaluate the safety
of the
gene therapy product and secondarily, to determine if we could achieve levels
of factor IX that could decrease bleeding events in patients.»
Twelve patients, about half
of them women, will take part in Britain's second
gene therapy trial which began last week at two centres in Oxford and Cambridge.
Women were not included in the first
trial of gene therapy, which was mainly concerned with proving the safety
of the technique.
His story inspired a book, The Forever Fix, which heralded the LCA
trials as part
of the wave
of successes for
gene therapy, which was recovering from several setbacks — including the death
of a patient and cancer in others — in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
«Despite extensive preclinical approaches, translation
of gene therapy strategies into clinical
trials is still a difficult and expensive process.»
Nonetheless, the result has renewed concern about the oversight
of clinical
trials for
gene therapy.