Sentences with phrase «of gene transcript»

«While previous molecular studies have provided simple snapshots of the gene transcript variations that are associated with the exposure of insects to natural and synthetic chemicals, the genomics approaches used in this study offer a significantly more complex perspective on the biochemical and physiological processes occurring in plant - insect interactions,» Schuler said.

Tracing the dynamics of gene transcripts after organismal death.

Not exact matches

Strikingly, transcripts of β - casein and α - lactalbumin genes make up 45 % of the total pool of mRNA during mature lactation.

He adds that the abundance of transcripts that overlap each gene suggests that the very term «gene» should mean something different inside the cell nucleus, where transcription takes place, than outside of it, where finished proteins go.

Based on the transcript sequences, the researchers identified 1,437 new promoters — short DNA sequences where transcription begins — in or between genes, on top of the 1,730 promoters they knew of.

Some of the transcripts hail from noncoding DNA, the researchers report, but those that do match up with the 399 ENCODE genes overlap with each other extensively.

Transcripts from 65 percent of the genes incorporate pieces of DNA from relatively far outside of the genes or even from one or two other genes, says molecular biologist and consortium member Tom Gingeras of Affymetrix, a genome technology company in Santa Clara, Calif..

The discovery that much of the mammalian genome is transcribed, in some places without gaps (so - called transcriptional «forests»), shines a bright light on this embarrassing plentitude: an order of magnitude more transcripts than genes (pp. 1559, 1564, and 1529).

One of Beaudet's graduate students — Linyan Meng — was writing her dissertation on Angelman syndrome and was wrestling with this problem when a member of her dissertation committee, Dr. Thomas Cooper, professor of pathology & immunology at Baylor, said he was working with a Carlsbad, Calif. - based company called Isis Pharmaceuticals that had anti-sense oligonucleotides that could turn off the antisense transcript that silenced the paternal copy of the gene.

He or she also has a paternal copy of the gene, but it is silenced by a long ribbon of RNA called the UBE3A anti-sense transcript.

She bred a mouse in which the antisense transcript was «knocked down» and the paternal copy of the gene turned on.

It shuts down all of its genes except one — a gene called the LATency - associated transcript (LAT).

The same agents that damage DNA also damage its sister molecule messenger RNA (mRNA), which ferries transcripts of the genes to the tens of thousands of ribosomes in each cell.

Here, segments of RNA known as transcripts — derived from specific DNA genes — hold vital clues regarding health.

Expression of these genes appears in the blood in the form of specific RNA transcripts.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.

When the transcript of the M1 RNA gene is combined with the protein moiety not only is a tRNA precursor cleaved but also the precursor to 4.5 S RNA from Escherichia coli.

MicroRNAs are short molecules that work within all animal and plant cells, typically functioning as a «dimmer switch» for one or more genes, binding to the transcripts of those genes and preventing protein production.

Single - cell RNA sequencing allows researchers to determine the precise nature of the total gene transcripts, or all of the genes that are actively expressed in a particular cell.

One gene set that stood out involved components of the spliceosome, the molecular complex that helps prepare messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts for protein production by removing noncoding segments called introns.

It could help reveal which gene transcripts could serve as early signs of toxicity and which drug combinations might be particularly dangerous, for both new and existing drugs.

The Neurogenomiks research group, linked to the Achucarro Basque Centre for Neuroscience (EHUgroup) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV / EHU), has just had a research article published in the scientific publication Journal of Immunology; it details how they have managed to show that the gene known as ANKRD55 produces 3 different transcripts of the messenger RNA, and that the genetic variant associated with MS greatly increases the production of these transcripts.

Clariom D Pico assays allow discovery of coding and noncoding genes, exons, and splicing events, including rare transcripts, expanding the potential for finding novel biomarkers missed by alternative techniques.

Gene expression patterns in the hippocampus samples were examined using DNA microarrays that measured the expression levels of over 30,000 genes (transcripts) per sample.

In a study published online in Genome Research, researchers devised a strategy for genome - wide annotation of primary miRNA transcripts, providing extensive new annotations in human and mouse, and shedding light on mechanisms of regulation of microRNA gene expression.

The atlas now also includes RNA transcript data for 27 of these organ - specific tissues using next generation sequencing, providing a tissue distribution map of both protein and gene expression.

Since using the WormBase name of W01A8.1 (MDT - 28) would be misleading, the gene is referred here by the cosmid name W01A8.1, which gives rise to at least three protein isoforms designated W01A8.1 a, W01A8.1 b, and W01A8.1 c from at least seven different transcripts (W01A8.1 a. 1, W01A8.1 a. 2, W01A8.1 b. 1, W01A8.1 b. 2, W01A8.1 b. 3, W01A8.1 c. 1, W01A8.1 c. 2).

A focused oligonucleotide microarray of 1,178 genes, qRT — PCR of selected transcripts, and western analysis of hypoxia inducible factor - 1α (HIF - 1α) were used to compare retinas from the hypoxic and recovery groups to control animals that were not made hypoxic.

This technology is based on differential expression of key gene transcript variants (isoform - level gene expression) and was originally tested on a vast collection of glioblastoma samples made available by the University of Pennsylvania.

However, despite these fragments, we were able to create a significant number of full - length transcript models and 8,374 of these were added to the core Ensembl gene - set.

«We are truly excited about the RNA transcript data and the map of gene expression that we now have for 27 different organ - specific tissues», says Professor Mathias Uhlén, Program Director of the Human Protein Atlas.

The gene - centric visualization with data covering a majority of the human protein - coding genes is now complemented with RNA transcript data.

Importantly, 25 of the 115 transcripts, shared by EFTF - expressing pluripotent cells and the EF, encode for 15 genes that are both expressed in retinal stem / progenitor cells and required for normal eye formation in frogs, fish, mice, or humans (Figure 1C; Table S1).

Among the total gene transcripts that were differentially expressed during daytime six biological processes were found: Wnt signaling pathway, cell junction organization, SMAD binding, regulation of cell morphogenesis, TGF - β signaling pathway, and amino acid synthesis (Fig. 4A).

These classifications are based on large amounts of data inclusing clinical data, somatic mutations, gene and alternative transcript expression, or structural DNA modification, and involve high - dimensional statistical machine learning techniques.

These targets were identified based on the presence of predicted regulator binding sites or experimental regulator binding in the target promoter, and / or changes in the target gene's transcript levels in regulator mutant strains.

Global transcript structure resolution of high gene density genomes through multi-platform data integration.

This is consistent with work in other systems that showed transcripts from BR biosynthesis genes accumulated following loss of BR due to negative feedback regulation (Bancoş et al., 2002; Tanabe et al., 2005; Tanaka et al., 2005).

Regulation of transcript levels of the Arabidopsis cytochrome p450 genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis

The draft genome generated by the present study covered > 70 % of the whole genome and harbored > 87 % of the known gene transcripts, thereby constituting the most informative genome resource currently available for bay scallop.

An important issue for molecular biology is to establish if transcript levels of a given gene can be used as proxies for the corresponding protein levels.

A dizzying number of genetic transcripts, proteins and other molecular players alternatively glom together or fall apart, turning on or tuning down countless patterns of gene expression that keep our cells, organs and bodies humming along with the Earth's daily rotations.

«This way we can link local environmental conditions to microbial gene - and transcript profiles and in the future quickly determine the environmental status of samples of unknown character».

The plan is to analyze the genes and gene - transcripts of microorganisms in the sea to determine what metabolic processes are active and from this get information on the environmental status.

The HIV genes that do remain are very important for viral production: Gag (structural precursor protein), Pol (polymerase), Tat (viral transactivator for transcriptional activation from the 5» LTR) and Rev (facilitates nuclear export of transcripts).

Multiple transcripts arising from alternative initiation or polyadenylation sites, or alternative RNA splicing at a single locus were not considered as multiple genes but as variants of a single transcription unit.

This figure depicts how the expression of the longer transcript in this gene becomes less dominant as PMI increases, and, as a consequence, the abundance of the different isoforms tends to converge

Disrupting «Silent» Genes The number of transcripts appears to exceed the number of mutable loci in several extensively analyzed segments of the Drosophila genome (34 - 35).

The authors highlight the importance of measuring the variability of transcript expression and location in so many cells by using their data to discover genes with related functions in the cell.