While I take David's point that the efficacy
of general deterrence is always debatable, if we want to take a stand against a deterrence rationale for punishment, let us make it on a case where a man or woman is serving a prolonged jail sentence solely in the name of deterring others, not where a company has simply been driven into bankruptcy by a gross and tragic mistake.
The «public interest» includes «a consideration of the principle
of general deterrence with attention being paid to the gravity of the offence, its incidence in the community, public attitudes towards it and public confidence in the effective enforcement of the criminal law.»
But nowhere did Parliament say that the doctrine
of general deterrence is paramount in any specific class of offence.
The sentencing objectives reflected in the principles
of general deterrence and denunciation, to the degree that they are community - directed, are far better met in this case by a sanction that rewards rehabilitation than one that perpetuates incarceration.»
«The majority decision failed to consider the importance
of general deterrence in protecting the public,» Harte said.
Even if a custodial sentence was appropriate in this case, it is a well - established principle of sentencing laid down by this court that a first sentence of imprisonment should be as short as possible and tailored to the individual circumstances of the accused rather than solely for the purpose
of general deterrence.
The Intervenor submits that, in sentencing persons convicted for aiding suicide under Section 241 (b) of the Criminal Code, the principle
of general deterrence must be the overriding factor.
The efficacy of the sentencing principle
of general deterrence (penalizing one as an example or warning to others) can be debated.
It is certainly understandable that the objective
of general deterrence is «particularly applicable to public welfare offences where it is essential for the proper functioning of our society for citizens at large to expect that basic rules are established and enforced to protect the physical, economic and social welfare of the public.»
Hard - core drinking drivers are a problem, but it's a mistake to spend too many resources on programs that target them specifically, at the expense
of general deterrence.
Not exact matches
At a more
general level, the international system is returning to great power security competition, now that multipolarity is replacing the post-Cold War unipolar moment, and how that future will turn out is uncertain — but one thing that the last 67 years have shown is that nuclear
deterrence is a fairly effective way
of stopping major power security tension turning into all - out conventional war.
Previous research has indicated that the most effective method
of combating drinking and driving is to use the
general deterrence model.
3 In this particular case, the principles which need to be addressed are the overriding principle
of protection
of society and the factors that must be given weight are
general deterrence, specific
deterrence, denunciation and rehabilitation.
Accused went to cottage
of JC with whom she previously cohabited — Accused found JC with victim, another lady, in sauna — Angry words were exchanged between accused and JC — Victim testified that accused pushed her following verbal exchange, as a result victim lost balance and ended up against stove, thereby sustaining serious burns to body — Trial judge accepted victim's evidence that there was some kind
of pushing — Accused convicted on one count
of assault causing bodily harm, and sentenced to two - year term
of probation and $ 1,000.00 fine, accused was also ordered to provide DNA sample pursuant to s. 487.04
of Criminal Code — Accused appealed — Appeal against sentence was allowed — Trial judge erred in concluding that discharge was not appropriate in circumstances, especially given conclusion that accused did not deliberately attempt to injure victim — Trial judge found that there was no need for either specific
deterrence or
general deterrence; prime concern was need for denunciation
of her conduct — Section 730
of Criminal Code permits discharge in cases
of this nature, provided that it was in best interest
of accused and not contrary to public interest — Accused was responsible individual with no record whatsoever, she held position as counsellor and social worker for 25 years — Trial judge did not find that conviction would definitely affect her employment, but possibility existed, and such conviction would necessarily result in criminal record — There was no likelihood
of re-offending — Conditional discharge would not be contrary to public interest.
In the 1982 case
of R. v. Cotton Felts, the first sentencing appeal under the POA to reach the Ontario Court
of Appeal, the court held that
general deterrence was the primary objective
of sentencing under the POA.
My opposition to the measure has not been grounded in inherent moral disapproval but is instead rooted in a combination
of two factors: a utilitarian concern over wrongful convictions, and a practical objection to the use
of a measure that has shown no ability to effect
general deterrence.
We agree with the government that the sentence is unreasonable and that it did not give adequate consideration to the seriousness
of the offense, the need for
general deterrence for white - collar crimes, and the need for some imprisonment.
It is that
general deterrence which is necessary to eradicate sexual abuse
of patients.»
As we see it, this probationary sentence utterly failed to adequately promote
general deterrence, reflect the seriousness
of Pugh's offense, show respect for the law, or address in any way the relevant Guidelines policy statements and directives.
«Insurers may well wish to deploy the tort with a view to heightening
general deterrence of fraudulent claims»
However, the experience in relation to Hayward and Direct Line Group Plc, discussed above, shows that that may not necessarily be the case and, in any event, insurers may well wish to deploy the tort with a view to heightening
general deterrence of fraudulent claims.
«[A] chieving effective
general and specific
deterrence requires that individuals face a very real prospect
of serving time in prison if they are convicted for having engaged in such conduct.»
Payne's book in a nutshell: 1) politicians and most senior officials operate with the belief that there is a dependable «rational» basis for successful
deterrence in which «rational» US opponents will respond prudently and cautiously to US nuclear
deterrence threats; 2) the re-evaluation
of nuclear strategy in expert circles since the Cold War exposes the deep flaws
of Cold War thinking in
general and the concept
of «rational»
deterrence in particular (partly because strategy was dangerously influenced by ideas about rationality from economics).