They were better at remembering numbers in a backwards order; their working memory was better, and they scored higher on a
test of general intelligence.
They can still point to a substantial tradition of research that demonstrates correlation between different abilities and argue for the
existence of a general intelligence factor.
The result is a portrait
of the general intelligence of an artistic community, including both the inspiration of individual artists as well as an impression of shared discourse and cognitive approaches to art making.
The study of 99 healthy older adults, recruited through Carle Foundation Hospital in Urbana, compared patterns of fatty acid nutrients found in blood samples, functional MRI data that measured the efficiency of brain networks, and
results of a general intelligence test.
Shaw says the results suggest that general intelligence «has evolved independently in the avian lineage» and that parallel
evolution of general intelligence among animals «could be more widespread than we currently realize.»
As in their earlier
studies of general intelligence and emotional intelligence, the researchers found that regions of the frontal cortex (at the front of the brain), the parietal cortex (further back near the top of the head) and the temporal lobes (on the sides of the head behind the ears) are all implicated in social problem solving.
«We are trying to understand the
nature of general intelligence and to what extent our intellectual abilities are grounded in social cognitive abilities,» said Aron Barbey, a University of Illinois professor of neuroscience, of psychology, and of speech and hearing science.
But there is no obvious adaptive pressure for Goffin's cockatoos to use tools, and the ability to do so may be a
sign of general intelligence rather than a specific adaptation, says Alice Auersperg of the University of Vienna, who led the study.
The best
example of general intelligence that we know of today is the human brain, and the scientists» strategy has been to imitate, at a very fundamental level, how children develop intelligence.
On average, those with the Val / Val polymorphism scored about eight IQ points lower on
tests of general intelligence than those with the Val / Met or Met / Met variants, Barbey said.
Those who scored higher on a test
of general intelligence were also rated by observers as being significantly funnier.