(1 Cor 15:12) he is arguing from the principle of faith that Christ has risen from the dead to the conclusion
of the general resurrection by mounting a kind of syllogism.
That expectation also had to interpret Christ's singular resurrection as a preliminary manifestation
of the general resurrection very shortly to follow.
Wolfhart Pannenberg urges us to adopt, in its essential outline, the anticipation
of a general resurrection from the dead as the only adequate context within which to judge the evidence.
Pannenberg claims that this can only be found in the apocalyptic expectation
of a general resurrection, but I wish to propose an alternative to accomplish the same purpose.
The cogency of that argument depends wholly upon the first - century expectation
of the general resurrection of the dead in terms of which Paul and the early Christians interpreted their experience of the risen Christ.
The doctrine
of a general resurrection was originally of cosmic dimensions.
By the following century Lutheran theology had returned to the medieval tradition in which it was thought that the souls of the departed already live in blessedness with Christ in a bodiless condition, and where, for this reason, the significance
of the general resurrection was considerably lessened.56 It was left to extremist Christian groups, such as the Anabaptists, to affirm the doctrine of soul - sleep and to describe human destiny solely in terms of a fleshly resurrection at the end - time.
’21 It seems most Likely that Paul received his ideas
of the general resurrection from his Pharisaic heritage, and that they were part of his convictions before he became a Christian.
But some time before this hope
of a general resurrection had become widespread in Judaism, Greek thought stemming from Plato had wrestled with a similar problem and resolved it by quite a different method because of a differing conception of man.
But at this point it is sufficient only to point out that in the chapter of I Corinthians 15 itself, Paul actually discusses the nature
of the general resurrection and attempts to answer the question, «With what kind of body do they come?»
Paul speaks
of the general resurrection of the dead as one which involves both the dead and the living in a transformation into what he called «a spiritual body».
Thus Goguel commented, «We can see the resurrection of the saints to be both a result of the victory gained by Jesus over death, not on the morning of the third day but at the very moment when he expired and an anticipation
of the general resurrection.
We shall now trace the path taken in Christian thought by the hope
of a general resurrection, a doctrine, which, far from being unique to Christianity, has been shared by Jew and Muslim, and which, in the first place, as we have seen, was partly borrowed from Persian Zoroastrianism.
We have seen that it was because of the recognition of the real and all - embracing character of death that the hope
of a general resurrection took such firm root in later Judaism.
It would be neither immortal nor resurrected in the full sense
of the general resurrection of the dead.
Not exact matches
A
general resurrection of the dead is something orthodox Christians across the centuries have long anticipated.
We say lots
of things in
general conversation but when it comes down to it after some deep thought I think we would all agree as Christians that our main aim is the same as Gods Son, that is, everyone is included in his death and
resurrection plan.
God is Redeeming Theology Bible & Theology Topics: crossless gospel, eternal life, forgiveness, free grace, gospel, grace, heretic, Jesus,
resurrection, scripture, sins, Theology -
General, Theology
of Salvation
that the task
of the proletariat corresponds to the world - historical mission
of the chosen people, that the redemptive and universal function
of the most degraded class is conceived on the religious pattern
of Cross and
Resurrection, that the ultimate transformation
of the realm
of freedom corresponds to the transformation
of the civitas Terrena into a civitas Dei, and that the whole process
of history as outlined in the Communist Manifesto corresponds to the
general scheme
of the Jewish - Christian interpretation
of history as providential advance toward a final goal.
Thinking
of Michal Williams, sitting alone in the apartment, and reading these poems, I suddenly thought
of another twentieth - century disaster - marriage, that
of the great painter Stanley Spencer, whose visions
of Christianity led him to paint the
general resurrection in the small - town churchyard
of Cookham, and whose Christ was a working - class Englishman
of 1930s vintage.
When the last things refer to the life
of the world or history as a whole, they customarily include the second coming
of Jesus, the
resurrection of the dead,
general judgment (eliminating an interim state and resulting in heaven or hell), and the consummation
of the world.
But when I have seen this, my next task is to let the book's message universalize itself in my mind as God's own teaching or doctrine (to use the word that Calvin loved) now addressed to humankind in
general and to me in particular within the frame
of reality created by the death,
resurrection, and present dominion
of Jesus Christ.
The eschatology
of the Sayings Gospel shares the view that in the
general resurrection, everyone will be judged according to his or her own works, as commonly assumed in antiquity, in Judaism, and even by Paul (2 Cor.
Thus the notion
of resurrection is a way
of saying that first in respect to Jesus, and then (as we shall see) in a more
general sense, all materiality, all history, and all relationships which have been known and experienced, have been received by God into the divine life.
All I can do here is to suggest that there is a place today for a
general concept
of resurrection that sees permanent meaning and value in our lives without depending upon belief in individual life after death.
It deals with Christology and the doctrine
of God, as well as prayer, the
resurrection, heaven, etc. and it provides a
general introduction to Whitehead's thought.128 The Task
of Philosophical Theology by C. J. Curtis, a Lutheran theologian, is a process exposition
of numerous «theological notions» important to the «conservative, traditional» Christian viewpoint.129 Two very fine semi-popular introductions to process philosophy as a context for Christian theology are The Creative Advance by E. H. Peters130 and Process Thought and Christian Faith by Norman Pittenger.131 The latter, reflecting the concerns
of a theologian, provides a concise introduction to the process view
of God together with briefer comments on man, Christ, and «eternal life.»
In these terms, the proposition that Jesus lives on subjectively is the supreme instance
of some more
general proposition as to individual survival after death: to reach a decision as to this supreme instance one would first have to investigate the
general concept
of resurrection, which lies beyond our present task.25 It must here suffice to answer that these proposals neither affirm nor deny the doctrine that both Jesus and the «souls
of the righteous» live on subjectively.
By contrast, Paul makes the
resurrection of Christ dependent upon a
general concept
of resurrection: «For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised.
But, as the same thing only has one beginning
of existence, the same person is not raised up, rather a new one is, unless something
of me carries my existence in between death and the
general resurrection which, as Martha said, happens on the Last Day (Jn 11:24).
This interpretation
of the
resurrection of Jesus rests upon a
general concept
of resurrection as «objective immortality» that I believe to be no mere metaphor.
The interpretation I have proposed sees the
resurrection of Jesus as the supreme instance, the «chief exemplification,»
of its
general concept
of resurrection as «objective immortality.»
Furthermore, at that time many Jews (though not all) believed that God would effect a
general resurrection at the end
of the world.
More than that, relational thought can provide an alternative framework for interpreting and expressing more coherently the originating beliefs, especially regarding the interim state, the
resurrection of the dead, and particular /
general judgment.
Christian faith... is possible apart from belief in Jesus»
resurrection in particular and life beyond bodily death in
general, and because
of the widespread skepticism regarding these traditional beliefs, they should be presented as optional.
There is a vast difference between knowing in a
general way that religions have a sense
of God or the Holy, and knowing the saving life, death, and
resurrection of Jesus in the life
of the Christian community.
Belief in
resurrection, historians tell us, emerged in ancient Judaism only when disaster followed disaster and Jews could no longer feel confident that their memory and legacy would be preserved in the life
of their own descendents in particular and the Jewish people in
general.
Now that the traditional view
of the
resurrection of Jesus has collapsed, as we have shown in Part I, we must reckon with the implications this has for the
general resurrection, which Christian believers have long regarded as the Christian hope
of personal immortality.
’14 Here in extravagantly supernatural terms the death
of Jesus is linked with the
general resurrection.
70, we read an account
of a Messianic kingdom lasting for four hundred years prior to the
general resurrection and final judgment.
But Gloege points out that there is evidence in the Jewish Targum, 21 which «shows that Jesus»
resurrection «on the third day» was regarded as the fulfillment
of Hosea's prophecy by Christians at a very early date; it erased the precise chronological reference «after two days» and «on the third day» and replaced them by the more
general phrases «in the days
of consolation» and «on the day
of resurrection», in order to exclude the Christian interpretation.»
At one extreme there are many conservative Christians, both in sects and in the major communions, who, because
of their belief in the authority and inerrancy
of Holy Scripture, still look expectantly to a future point in time when the world will come to a sudden end and when, at the Judgment which follows, there will be a
general resurrection of all the dead in some bodily form.
’21 Matthew's Gospel, nevertheless, much more than Mark's, leaves the reader with the
general impression that the
resurrection of Jesus, though undescribed, took place on the third day and was witnessed by Jewish guards and two women.
The Latin word resurrectio appears to have been created for Christian use, and while the Greek equivalent anastasis is certainly pre-Christian, it does not seem to have been widely used until Christian times, some scholars thinking that, when Paul referred to it at Athens, his hearers mistook it for the name
of a goddess.26 The idea
of resurrection first came to expression in the form
of a narrative, and until the advent
of the above technical terms, words
of very
general usage, such as «raise», «wake up», «stand up», etc., served the purpose
of relating it.
The reply given by the Johannine Jesus appears at first to confirm this by saying, «If a man has faith in me, even though he die, he shall come to life», but then proceeds to add quite a new interpretation
of the
resurrection power
of Christ in the words, «and no one who is alive and has faith shall ever die».13 C. H. Dodd concludes that «the «
resurrection»
of which Jesus has spoken is something which may take place before bodily death, and has for its result the possession
of eternal life here and now... The evangelist agrees with popular Christianity that the believer will enter into eternal life at the
general resurrection, but for him this is a truth
of less importance than the fact that the believer already enjoys eternal life and the former is a consequence
of the latter.»
Since the Jewish belief in the
general resurrection was the necessary forerunner for the Christian affirmation
of the
resurrection of Jesus, we shall turn first to the meaning for our day
of the words in the Nicene Creed, «I look for the
resurrection of the dead».
After his long and many - sided argument, Tertullian leaves us in no doubt that the
general resurrection is to be understood in terms
of flesh and blood.
The rest
of the saints await the
general resurrection, the risen and glorified Christ being the guarantor.
This concept
of «soul,» and the physicalism proposed by many
of the contributors, is unacceptable to those who hold that Christianity teaches that man is one unified being but composed
of two essential parts - a physical body and a properly spiritual soul which, though the substantial form
of the body, is a subsistent entity capable
of conscious existence when separated from its body between an individual's death and the
General Resurrection.
Corresponding to the
resurrection of the dead, as depicted graphically by the Jewish Scriptures, there is a
general judgment at the end
of the world.
The forces
of evil are conquered; the Devil is flung into the lake
of fire; and there follow the
general resurrection and the final judgment (20:7 - 15).