Sentences with phrase «of genes for enzymes»

From such studies came the current canonical model of how venom genes evolve through the chance replication and mutation of genes for enzymes, peptides and other proteins.

Last year, scientists found mutated forms of the gene for an enzyme called superoxide dismutase in people with motor neurone disease.

Individuals inherit two copies (one from each parent) of the gene for the enzyme catecho - O - methyltransferase (COMT), which chemically breaks down dopamine.

Not exact matches

There has been considerable interest, for example, in a gene that produces low levels of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in the brain.

The scientists used CRISPR, a gene - editing tool, to alter inserted genes so that the enzymes for which they coded would work most efficiently amid the exotic acidity, osmotic character and chemical composition of their new home.

Alpha -1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is the most common genetic disease of the liver, and is caused by a single nucleotide change in the gene that codes for alpha -1-antitrypsin (A1AT), an enzyme inhibitor that normally protects bodily tissues.

Patrick Forterre of the University of Paris - Sud has also analyzed enzymes responsible for DNA replication and has concluded that the genes for such enzymes in eukaryotes probably have a viral origin.

The researchers succeeded in identifying the enzyme and gene responsible for the formation of a precursor of TA - G biosynthesis, and so were able to engineer plants with lower TA - G.

In this way the binding of the DNA to the corresponding nucleosome is changed so that the DNA for example becomes accessible for transcription enzymes and activates a particular gene.

Scientists from Harvard University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Missouri at Columbia devised another solution: inserting into pig cells a gene that codes for an enzyme that converts omega - 6s to omega - 3s.

In August, 1997, Nobelist Thomas Cech of the University of Colorado at Boulder and colleagues at Geron isolated the human gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTRT)-- an enzyme that reknits loosening telomeres and extends a cell's life.

To boost production of the enzyme in animals, U.C. Davis scientists have transferred the human gene for the enzyme into dairy goats.

Hypoxia - inducible factor 1α (HIF - 1α), an oxygen sensor that controls the expression of various genes for glucose metabolism under conditions of low oxygen levels, is the most well documented substrate of the von Hippel - Lindau (VHL) enzyme.

Oncologists William Hahn, Robert Weinberg, and colleagues at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, mutated the gene for one part of the enzyme and inserted it into cultured human cells from colon, ovary, and breast tumors.

For example, Keasling and his team cloned genes from Clostridium stercorarium and Bacteroides ovatus — bacteria that thrive in soil and the guts of plant - eating animals, respectively — which produce enzymes that break down cellulose.

Near each Crispr sequence are genes for a variety of Cas (Crispr - associated) enzymes, including Cas9.

In another landmark success, scientists in Italy and the United States cured «bubble» babies who have a malfunctioning gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which causes a buildup of toxic products that destroy immune cells.

Doctors gave the patients stem cells containing copies of a properly functioning gene for the enzyme; the babies» immune systems were then able to reconstitute themselves.

«However, recent work has shown that at least some of the fungal partners in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses lack the genes for enzymes involved in the major pathway of lipid biosynthesis, and are therefore unable to produce certain essential fatty acids,» Gutjahr explains.

Many genes are likely to influence delay discounting; and some of Dr. Ahokhin's preliminary data suggest that these «impulsivity genes» may include genes coding for enzymes that synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and receptors where serotonin binds in the brain.

That's why sequencing the genome was important, he said, because it will help identify all the genes and enzymes in the genome needed for hydrocarbon production and control of this production.

As with all of our other genes, the DNA that encodes the telomerase enzyme is present in all of our cells — but because it's needed only after quite a few cell divisions have occurred, it's not needed in most cells for most or all of the time, so it's turned off.

But those from the hotter pool survived for longer and had higher expression of 60 genes, including well - known thermal - tolerance genes such as those that make heat - shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes.

Its appearance following starvation and other stresses is associated with changes in the expression of over 500 genes, most prominently genes for the structural RNAs that are components of the ribosome — the enzyme responsible for protein synthesis.

There are two other genes, on different chromosomes, that code for different forms of the enzyme, and the team is now investigating whether mutations in these genes might be responsible for the other cases of ALS.

Klingelhutz and his team immortalized immature precursor fat cells by adding in two genes from HPV (the virus that causes cervical cancer) along with a gene for part of an enzyme that controls the length of cells» telomeres — the pieces of DNA that protect chromosome tips from deterioration.

Francesco Cipollone of the «G. d'Annunzio» University of Chieti, Italy, and colleagues wondered whether genetic variations in the gene for COX - 2, an enzyme that stimulates prostaglandin production, might influence heart attack and stroke risk.

For instance, researchers used virtual screening to identify compounds that target the gene for PFKFB3, an enzyme that helps regulate the metabolism of cancer celFor instance, researchers used virtual screening to identify compounds that target the gene for PFKFB3, an enzyme that helps regulate the metabolism of cancer celfor PFKFB3, an enzyme that helps regulate the metabolism of cancer cells.

To achieve this, they introduced genes that code for three particularly efficient enzymes from a variety of other microorganisms into the bacterium, Escherichia coli, to construct the diketide biosynthesis pathway.

«Using genomics, we explore the diversity of fungi to develop catalogs of genes, enzymes, and pathways — parts lists for bio-based economy and bioenergy applications,» said Grigoriev.

However, by investigating the genes of two rose cultivars selected for certain desirable characteristics, Jean - Louis Magnard and colleagues discovered that the flowers» fragrances were facilitated by a completely unexpected family of enzymes.

Moreover, within Mimi's outsize helping of genetic material, Claverie found genes for such things as the translation of proteins, DNA repair enzymes, and other types of protein.

When a single gene exists in the ancestral mutation, that would have made for higher levels of enzyme expression, would have messed up with sensory function.

The Lazar lab has been working on HDAC3 for over a decade, focusing on the pivotal role of this enzyme in hormone - mediated regulation of gene expression and metabolism.

James Reid and his colleagues at the University of Tasmania in Hobart will report in the August issue of The Plant Cell that the tallness gene codes for an enzyme involved in the manufacture of the growth hormone gibberellin.

The gene for MAO - A has several variants, some of which are associated with relatively higher and lower levels of enzyme activity.

They discovered a previously unknown diversity of genes encoding for (de) halogenating enzymes in the soil metagenome.

In doing so, they will be guided by one central question: how might a drug - based treatment target the gene responsible for the release of fatty acids and the enzyme ATGL, and how might it do so exclusively in adipose tissue?

In order to gain a better understanding of this process, the researchers used an animal model, which allowed them to interfere with the lipid metabolism, and to knock out the gene responsible for the relevant enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL).

Enzymes called topoisomerases are crucial for the expression of extremely long genes, including many that have been linked to autism

For example, some people have a particular variant of the ADH1B gene that causes an amino acid change in this enzyme, which leads to faster enzyme activity so individuals with this variant metabolize alcohol more rapidly which means that acetaldehyde levels are temporarily increased.

Wondering why the third protein, an enzyme called p66, was not, despite being very similar to the other two, Pelicci's team knocked out the piece of the gene that enabled it to code for p66, in order to make mice and mouse embryonic cells that lacked p66.

An entire PKS enzyme is the product of a number of individual genes, each of which is the blueprint for a protein with a well - defined function.

The process begins when a gene for a molecule with a potentially toxic function, like a protein - chopping enzyme, is accidentally duplicated, typically during the formation of egg cells and sperm.

Because of defects in the gene for the enzyme, fat clogs up blood vessels in the gut and pancreas of those with LPLD.

They managed to remove the specific enzyme for triglycerides by silencing its coding gene, but only at the heart of the reward mechanism.

The Salk and TSRI scientists used a range of neuro - genetic, gene therapy, biochemical and structural biology research techniques to discover that the mutant GlyRS enzyme blocked molecular signals important for maintaining the health of motor neurons, the cells that carry messages from the brain to the muscles of the extremities.

Genetic screening later revealed that 24 percent of centenarians from Ashkenazi Jewish populations carry a variant in the CETP gene — an enzyme important for cholesterol metabolism — that reduces the level of the protein CETP in the blood and is linked to a lower prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and memory loss.

One extension of MRI called functional MRI can spot which brain areas are most active, but until now there hasn't been a high - resolution method for detecting enzyme activity — essentially a measure of what genes are turned on inside a cell.

Arsenic, the researchers found, stops a gene for an important part of the telomerase enzyme, known as the reverse transcriptase subunit, from being translated.