With regard to breast cancer, Dees et al. have shown that dietary concentrations
of genistein may stimulate breast cells to enter the cell cycle; this finding led these authors to conclude that women should not consume soy products to prevent breast cancer (29).
«Clear evidence of adverse effects
of genistein in studies with gestational, lactational and post-weaning treatment,» and that «Daidzein has estrogenic activity of its own.»
Dr. Pepine and his colleagues had expected that women with high levels
of genistein (the primary isoflavone found in soybeans) would show improved vascular health, but found the opposite to be true.
The levels
of genistein used in these experiments are comparable to those found in infant formula based on soy.»
However, soy protein contains high amounts
of genistein, an estrogen - like compound.
However, research at The University of Manchester using higher doses
of Genistein Alygone in the mouse model of Sanfilippo Disease has shown that this is effective in reducing neurodegeneration2, 3.
Previous research in patients with Sanfilippo Disease has shown that low doses
of Genistein reduce the heparan sulphate in the blood and urine, but are not sufficient to be effective in the brain1.
«This new study is the first to test the effectiveness of the higher doses
of Genistein, which are thought to be of the strength required to see an effect in the brain.
Not exact matches
Soybeans are the most common source
of isoflavones and the major isoflavones in soybean are
genistein and daidzein.
Of the two main isoflavones,
genistein and diadzein, the former seems to be more effective in preventing osteoporosis.
After 12 months all children will receive
Genistein Aglycone for a further 12 months,» adds Dr Jones, who is also Honorary Senior Lecturer at The University
of Manchester.
Patients taking part in the study will receive either
Genistein Aglycone or placebo (an inactive substance that looks like the treatment) with food, over a period
of 12 months.
It is thought that
Genistein Aglycone works by blocking the production
of heparan sulphate and associated damage to the cells.
Elbek criticized the panel for rushing through the evidence
of soy
genistein's phyto - toxicity and for largely disregarding damaging effects caused by daidzein (metabolite equol) and glycitein, individually or in combination with other estrogenic endocrine disruptors.
Finally the soy isoflavone
genistein reduces DNA synthesis in the brain, reducing the birth
of new brain cells and promoting apoptosis and cell death.
«Even in some
of the industry - funded studies,
genistein was shown to cause reproductive toxicity,» said Elbek, «but the panel chose to focus on perceived flaws in these studies as a way
of dismissing them.»
One
of soy's primary isoflavones,
genistein, has been shown to inhibit the enzyme tyrosine kinase in the brain.
Yet in 1996 researchers found that women consuming soy protein isolate had an increased incidence
of epithelial hyperplasia, a condition that presages malignancies.45 A year later, dietary
genistein was found to stimulate breast cells to enter the cell cycle, a discovery that led the study authors to conclude that women should not consume soy products to prevent breast cancer.46
Soy contains many types
of isoflavones, but the most beneficial are
genistein (see picture) and daidzein.
Miso, a fermented or probiotic form
of soy bean, is particularly rich in the isoflavone aglycones,
genistein and daidzein, which are believed to be cancer preventatives.
The FDA Poisonous Plant Database includes «Soy bean,
genistein and daidzein [soy estrogens]» on its list
of poisonous plants.
The National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) reports that soy phyto - estrogens demonstrate estrogenic effects equal to or lower than doses
of DES estrogen; in 2002, NIEHS researcher Retha Newbold expressed concern when her colleagues demonstrated that soy
genistein «triggers reproductive abnormalities... including uterine adenocarcinoma, a rare form
of cancer.»
These studies — which include analysis
of the isoflavones
genistein, daidzein, malonylgenistin, and malonyldaidzin — show a limited impact
of soy food intake on thyroid function, even when soy isoflavones are consumed in supplement form at levels higher than expected from food.
See: Interaction
of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor β Soy isoflavone
genistein has about 4 %
of 17β - estradiol's affinity for estrogen receptor α, responsible for estrogen's feminizing effects, and 87 %
of its affinity for ERβ, which acts as a tumor suppressor.
Perinatal
genistein exposure resulted in transient and lasting alterations in masculinization
of the reproductive system.
So yes,
genistein in soy can mimic the effect
of estrogen on ERα at high doses.
Although
genistein is a potent in vitro PTK inhibitor, its mechanism
of action in vivo is not known.
Genistein Inhibits Both Estrogen and Growth Factor — stimulated Proliferation
of Human Breast Cancer Cells Cell Growth & Differentiation 1996 (Oct); 7 (10): 1345 — 1351
Genistein is a naturally occurring dietary protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor that is hypothesized to be responsible for the lower rate
of breast cancer observed in Asian women consuming soy.
«Newbold et al. report that when neonatal mice are exposed to
genistein — a phytoestrogen present in soy — later in life they develop uterine cancer
of the same form caused by diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Some
of the other flavonoids that have a mild inhibitory effect on CYP's include
genistein, diadzein and equol from soy and the aflavins from black tea.
Fermentation increases the digestibility
of soy (especially its proteins), nutrient absorption from soy (including absorption
of phytonutrient isoflavones like
genistein and daidzein), and the concentration
of bioactive peptides (formed during the breakdown
of soy proteins during fermentation).
Women who consumed three or more bowls
of miso soup containing about 25 mg
genistein daily had approximately half the risk
of breast cancer.
A previous NIEHS study showed that newborn mice given
genistein grew up to experience irregular menstrual cycles, erratic ovulation and other problems indicative
of infertility.
The January, 2006, issue
of Biology
of Reproduction reports that
genistein, a plant estrogen found in soybeans, can disrupt the development
of the ovaries
of newborn female mice, causing reproductive problems and infertility.
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Soy is rich in isoflavones, particularly
genistein, which is a type
of phytoestrogen.
It has been argued that high levels
of soy isoflavones such as
genistein, daidzein and genistin in Asian diets protect the inhabitants
of Japan and China from certain degenerative diseases, especially breast and prostate cancer.
The unsweetened soymilk and tofu do not cause much flatulence and they retain most
of the health benefits
of eating soybeans, including the isoflavones,
genistein, daidzein, and glycitein.
Genistein is both a phytoestrogen and an antioxidant which is capable
of providing nutritional support across multiple bodily systems.
To access the cells
of the body where it is needed most,
genistein is absorbed directly through the lower bowels.
The study tested the aromatase - inhibiting effects
of these natural flavonoids (such as
genistein, rutin, tea catechins, etc.) in human fat cell cultures.
DIM and
genistein decrease the adverse effects
of estrogen... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415863/ 6.
Research out
of the University
of Maryland and reported in the Journal
of Agriculture and Food Chemistry found that quail feed supplemented with the soy isoflavone
genistein ended up in the egg yolk but not the egg white.
The efficacy
of natural
genistein has long been proven clinically to alleviate the menopausal symptoms in women and in preserving the strength and composition
of bone mineral.
By comparison, the average level
of the soy isoflavone
genistein in the bloodstream
of Asian women is approximately 25 nanograms per milliliter, but in U.S. women, only 2 nanograms.
The most notable
of these substances are
genistein and daidzein.