Sentences with phrase «of germ line»

Dr. Cole's project, «Mechanistic Derivation of Germ Line Mutation by Genome - Wide Mouse Tetrad Analysis,» will help define the global patterns of de novo germ line mutations and the frequencies at which such mutations occur in mice, with the long term goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying germ line mutagenesis and developing strategies to prevent or treat disorders caused by such mutations.

We have gone on to show that the sensitivity of the germ line genome instability differs across inbred strains of mice, offering a unique opportunity to use systems genetics approaches to discover the underlying pathways governing cell division and survival across a variety of cell types.

This is a picture of germ line cells of C. elegans showing PIWI and piRNAs (red dots) located outside of germ cell nuclei (blue circles) to scan for RNA passengers that move from nuclei to cytoplasm.

Not exact matches

James Watson, the éminence grise of gene work whose discovery of the double helix 50 years ago we are celebrating this spring, has called on his fellow researchers to show some «guts» and «try germ - line therapy without knowing if it's going to work.»

The entrepreneurs of the germ - line have found their house preachers, of course.

Where is the clear line in a progression from (1) using animal insulin to treat diabetes, to (2) using gene remodeling techniques to grow insulin in a host bacterium that will reproduce rapidly and from which a plentiful supply of insulin can be harvested, to (3) genetic surgery to replace the defective gene in a person diagnosed as diabetic, to (4) genetic surgery immediately after fertilization in order to replace the defective gene and alter the germ cells which would otherwise have transmitted the disease to one's offspring?

Sometimes it's difficult to walk the line between welcoming friends and family to meet a newborn and shutting yourself away to incubate her from all the germs and dangers of the world.

Immunoglobulin A coats the lining of the baby's immature intestines helping, germs and allergens from leaking through.

Tough's theories offer the germ of a new, potentially bipartisan approach that allows conservatives to offer empowerment, in line with our beliefs that everyone deserves the chance to become the person God created him or her to be... and the development of character is central to that endeavor.

Today, we were offered a speech of barely formulated ideas and germs of dividing lines, expressed with considerable mediocrity.

What's eye - opening is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the epigenetic changes wrought by one's diet, behavior, or surroundings can work their way into the germ line and echo far into the future.

But in 1999 a group led by geneticists at the University of Sydney in Australia discovered that methylation of the fur color genes persists in the female germ line, allowing it to be passed down to offspring like a change in the DNA.

Germ - line cells are the all - time champions of cellular survival.

So far, preventing disease by employing CRISPR — Cas9 to alter the human germ line — a human embryo, egg or sperm — has remained extremely controversial, due to concerns about unwittingly introducing errors or leaving stowaway unedited disease - causing mutations that would put future generations at risk of disease.

Dr. Frankel is currently directing or co-directing projects related to the ethical and policy implications of human germ - line interventions, the responsible use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research, improving patient safety and reducing errors in health care, the ethical dimensions of the Human Genome Diversity Project, the uses of anonymity on the Internet, and intellectual property and ethical standards for electronic publishing in science.

29 GENETICALLY MODIFIED SUPERHUMANS The debate over human germ - line engineering — reworking genes in the sperm and egg to create inheritable new traits — sputtered out early in the last decade after gene therapy had a series of notable failures.

«This is an important and fundamental paper for understanding human germ - line cells and finding the basic information about human germ - cell biology,» says reproductive biologist Evelyn Telfer of the University of Edinburgh, UK.

Their research showed that primordial follicles are highly stable, and that germ - line stem cell activity can not be detected, even in response to the death of half the existing follicles.

These findings provide evidence for germ line transmission of an extragenic sequence - specific silencing factor and implicate rde - 1 and rde - 4 in the formation of the inherited agent.

For while the density of cities may make them more vulnerable to a particularly nasty germ or weapon, this same density promotes understanding across social, religious, and ethnic lines.

The theory: Millions of years ago, an ancient human ancestor contracted a retrovirus that inserted its DNA into the host's reproductive germ cells, passing the viral DNA down the ancestral line.

Using this method, they tracked the tendency of the X and the Y chromosome copies to move to the daughter germ line stem cell or to the gonialblast.

The evolution of a distinct germ line that is protected by the diverse somatic functions of the organism is thought to confer an evolutionary advantage — what we call a fitness benefit — to multicellular organisms, whether plant or animal or slime mold.

In some organisms, the assignment of a cell to the germ line is caused by an inheritance - based mechanism: Before there is even an embryo, the molecular content of some cells predetermines them to develop as either germ or soma.

The researchers believe a similar mutation process is occurring both in the cells of the mothers» bodies and in their germ lines.

It may not have made the lemur ill, but the retrovirus spread into the animal's testes (or perhaps its ovaries), and once there, it struck the jackpot: It slipped inside one of the rare germ line cells that produce sperm and eggs.

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

Deep sequencing analysis has shown that this is highly unlikely in the case of J3 as no sequences were generated by deep sequencing of the seven naïve llamas or three other immunized llamas that share greater identity with J3 than its putative germ line V gene.

Therefore, to establish the relative frequency of neutralizing clones within the VHH repertoire, individual sequences were aligned to both the known neutralizing VHH sequences and their most likely germ line V gene sequences and the percentage identity to the neutralizing VHH plotted (Fig. 5C, D).

Paradoxically, it remains the case that even minimal mutation towards the J3 germ line V gene abolishes the ability to bind either immunogen used [26]; the reintroduction of the three germ line CDR2 residues renders the VHH incapable of binding Env.

In addition none of the sequences obtained from any of the naïve llamas are more closely related to J3 than the germ line (85.6 % identity)(Figure S4 in S1 Text).

Furthermore, there is very limited similarity to the human germ line V gene VH1 - 2 * 02 precursor of the VRC01 - like broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from multiple patients.

These comprised the relevant germ line V gene paired with the mature CDR3 and J sequence of each VHH (Figure S3 in S1 Text).

Two microscope views of the lining of the intestines of mice that were born and raised in a germ - free environment at the University of Michigan.

Similarly, re-insertion of the three germ line residues into 3E3 removed its ability to bind gp140 (Figure S2 in S1 Text).

Analysis of the DNA and encoded amino acid sequences of A14 and B9 revealed that the first two are clonal variants which aligned most closely to the germ line denoted VHH Vg (T Verrips, unpublished data) and that the sequence of B21 is highly divergent from both and also aligns to a different germ line V gene sequence Vu.

In contrast, the deep sequencing analysis of VHH present at t = 54 shows no over-representation of the sequences which share higher levels of identity with the neutralizing VHH than the germ line (Fig. 6).

However, further sequencing analysis established that these germ line chimera were not present at the earlier time point, as no sequences with the fully mature DJ regions paired to the relevant germ line V genes were detected at t = 54 whereas between 50 and 250 copies of such clones were present at t = 174.

Again, a population of sequences with identity greater to 3E3 than its germ line precursor Ve (which differs to that of J3) was observed only for llama 9 (population above the dotted line in Fig. 5D right - hand panel compared to naïve llama 3 in the left - hand panel).

The percentage nucleotide divergence (100 minus the percentage identity) from germ line and from the respective neutralizing VHH sequence for each of the five neutralizing VHH in each of the 13 llamas was examined.

Notably, a population of sequences with identity to J3 greater than the germ line precursor (85.6 %) is found only in immunized llama 8 which produced the J3 HCAb (population above the dotted line in Fig. 5C right - hand panel compared to naïve llama 3 sequences shown in left - hand panel).

However, they found that when they, at the same time, knocked down proteins that are chromatin remodelers or part of chromatin complexes, they found that then reprogramming became feasible and they showed in particular that you can reprogram a cell in the germ line of C. elegans.

Maternal age effect and severe germ - line bottleneck in the inheritance of human mitochondrial DNA Rebolledo - Jaramillo, B., M. S. Su, N. Stoler, J. A. McElhoe et al. 2014.

This makes a certain kind of sense, since the stem cells in the paternal germ line undergo continuous cell division throughout a man's life, whereas a woman is born with all of the eggs she'll ever have.

The establishment of the genetically modified mouse line by breeding with the chimeric mice (Germ Line Transmission (GLT) of the mutatline by breeding with the chimeric mice (Germ Line Transmission (GLT) of the mutatLine Transmission (GLT) of the mutation)

Establishment of a human embryonic germ cell line and comparison with mouse and human embryonic stem cells.

These include in vitro editing of primordial germ cells that are subsequently transmitted through germ - line chimeras to produce genome edited offspring, and direct injections to developing embryos, creating germ - line chimeras in ovo (in the egg), which can then be bred to produce genome edited offspring.

Arantes - Oliveira N, Apfeld J, Dillin A, Kenyon C. Regulation of Lifespan by germ - line stem - cells in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Our partner, Dan Snyder of Grouse Park, clearly demonstrated that a small flock of Greater Prairie Chickens can produce the ideal amount of fertile eggs for germ - line transmission research.

We are currently raising funds for the next part of our Phase 2 research: resuming germ - line transmission research in spring 2018, drawing upon lessons learned from our previous research and making the appropriate modifications.