The crystal clear bottle captures the purity of the vodka through the natural fluid
forms of glacial ice frozen in time.
What lessons can we learn from the past
history of glacial ice melt and sea - level rise about what will happen in the next century as the climate warms?
«If you haven't had proximity to these glaciers, if you haven't thought about where water comes from, it would be easy to understate or underestimate the implications
of glacial ice loss in a state that has predominantly a semi-desert climate and certainly by contemporary climate models is going to be pretty significantly impacted by climate change,» said Jacki Klancher, a professor of environmental science at Central Wyoming College.
The report, the most precise yet thanks to advances in scientific monitoring, confirms that climate change impacts are outpacing previous projections for ocean warming, the
rate of glacial ice melt in the arctic, and sea level rise.
«As we approach 2 degrees, many models suggest that tipping points will be reached with respect to summer sea ice and these large
masses of glacial ice,» McCarthy told The Yale Forum in an e-mail interview.
The Amundsen - Scott South Pole Station sits upon two
miles of glacial ice at the bottom of the world.
The cause of the rise in sea level is guessed to be the melting
of glacial ice at a faster rate than it is being replenished.
An added bit of drama for Antarctica comes over the fate of the Larsen C Ice Shelf, a Delaware - sized
slab of glacial ice rifting away from the Antarctic Peninsula.
«I'm a little disappointed that they don't look at observations of the fracture
toughness of glacial ice,» Bassis told OurAmazingPlanet.
Scientists have suggested that similar formations in Sweden formed when the immense
weight of glacial ice forced sand and other loose material into fissures in underlying rocks.
This image, showing the
flow of glacial ice toward the ocean, was derived from ERS SAR measurements.
Larsen C, a floating platform
of glacial ice on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula, is the fourth largest ice shelf ringing Earth's southernmost continent.
As much a
third of the glacial ice above the crater has melted — it had been up to 250 meters thick in spots — raising the level of a nearby river by nearly a meter and covering some roads.
While the Alps could lose anything between 75 percent and 90 percent
of their glacial ice by the end of the century, Greenland's glaciers — which have the potential to raise global sea levels by up to 20 feet — are expected to melt faster as their exposure to warm ocean water increases.
But Morris noted that most of that loss occurs at the margins of the ice sheet, particularly in areas where the
edges of glacial ice are in contact with the ocean.
In time, other researchers came calling, clamoring for help with everything from
studies of glacial ice structure to modeling carbon dioxide frost on Mars.
The island was surrounded by a
plain of glacial ice covering 1,500 square kilometers — 25 times the area of Manhattan.
Our reports have noted that the one - in -100-year storm is now one in 15 to 35 years, on the conservative end [not assuming rapid
meltdown of glacial ice in Greenland and Antarctica].
Unlike space probes, which pass through sterile space, ice drills must pass through thousands of
feet of glacial ice loaded with microbes before they reach their target; therefore a microbial buildup on equipment and drilling fluids is «inevitable.»
The melting
of glacial ice contributes to sea - level rise, which threatens to «displace millions of people within the lifetime of many of today's children,» Moon writes.
Scientists predict that the vast
majority of glacial ice in Glacier National Park will disappear within the next 20 yr (USGS 2016).
al. (1999:427), remain convinced that the Meadowcroft Rockshelter «represents the earliest bona fide evidence of human occupation
south of the glacial ice in North America».
On Everest, one of the most frightening parts of the mountain is the Khumbu Icefall, two - thousand vertical feet of massive
columns of glacial ice that can shift around at any moment and come tumbling down in a gigantic ice avalanche, crushing everything in their paths.
In the east of Utrecht lies the Utrechtse Heuvelrug, a chain of hills left as lateral moraine by
tongues of glacial ice after the Saline glaciation that preceded the last ice age.
Instead, Kormakur and cinematographer Salvatore Totino (a frequent Ron Howard collaborator) focus on jagged
cuts of glacial ice, deep crevasses, and the sheer, seemingly impossible passes these people must cross in order to summit the mountain.
Dark Polaris snowmobiles stand dormant in a row, their cinematic image dissolving slowly into
crags of glacial ice, so that shimmering silver logos are superimposed, for a moment, on a sublime...
When Kaser's team looked at ice cores previously drilled at two sites high in the western Alps — the Colle Gnifetti glacier saddle 4,455 m up on Monte Rosa near the Swiss — Italian border, and the Fiescherhorn glacier at 3,900 m in the Bernese Alps — they found that in around 1860
layers of glacial ice started to contain large amounts of soot.
Most of the current
models of glacial ice melting (and contribution to sea level rise) focus on ice melting and less than they need to on the process of glaciers falling apart in larger chunks such as ice bergs.
lost 2
gigatonnes of glacial ice in 2003 and that the rate of loss is increasing 10 % over the rate from just 10 years earlier.
The main root of this threat is the potential collapse of West Antarctica's marine - based ice sheets — massive
expanses of glacial ice that rest not on land but the ocean floor — in particular, those where warm ocean waters circulate nearby [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2013].
The scientists focused their study on four large glaciers in Nepal's Dudh Kosi river basin, which holds 400 square
kilometres of glacial ice.
An average of 244 sq
km of glacial ice had disappeared every year since the late 1950s, [continue reading...]
These clues include the earlier spring arrivals of migrating birds, earlier blooming of wildflowers and Washington DC's cherry trees, melting glaciers and icecaps, micro-fossils from cores of mud from the ocean floor, and bubbles of ancient air retrieved from
cores of glacial ice.