The new satellite index provides an additional criterion for assessing risks
of glacier lake floods, Mool says.
The team reports that both the number and size
of glacier lakes in the study region increased significantly from 1986 to 2014.
Not exact matches
Two mountains, one mountain range, one
lake, a small
glacier, an arch, a meteorological station and one golf club have been named after Dr. John Oliver La Gorce
of Washington, D.C., who is shown here with his famed collection
of weapons.
If there are vast, Big Sky - looking valleys, a slew
of blue
lakes that get bluer the closer they get to their source
glaciers, and brown plateaus perfectly suited for a downhill Orc charge pop up, stop.
The changes to our planet as a result
of global warming are apparent for all to see: the receding
glaciers in temperate climates, the reduction in rainfall and advancing deserts in Africa and the
lakes in the Mideast and Asia that are virtually disappearing.
Much
of his research career has focused on
glaciers and
lake ice, work that is highly interdisciplinary in nature, incorporating geology, physics, and meteorology.
They can block rivers, creating
lakes that can later unleash floods, and by depleting
glacier mass, they can threaten the flow
of meltwater that downstream towns and farms may depend on.
The properties
of the climate system include not just familiar concepts
of averages
of temperature, precipitation, and so on but also the state
of the ocean and the cryosphere (sea ice, the great ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica,
glaciers, snow, frozen ground, and ice on
lakes and rivers).
Jill Mikucki
of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, and her team analysed the water seeping out from a sub-glacial
lake beneath the Taylor
glacier in the McMurdo dry valleys.
Mote was one
of 12 lead authors on a chapter
of the fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report looking at the cryosphere, which is comprised
of snow, river and
lake ice, sea ice,
glaciers, ice sheets and frozen ground.
There are ways to monitor when the dam
of a glacial
lake might break: Scientists track the
lake's depth, the geological composition and geometry
of its dam, and other factors, such as melting rate and steepness
of adjacent
glaciers.
Most
of these
lakes are in the eastern Himalayas, where
glacier lakes are expanding more rapidly than those in other parts
of the mountain range mostly due to rising temperatures and decreasing snowfall during the summer monsoon as a result
of climate change.
A small
glacier lake known as Nagma Pokhari sits nestled in a valley near Mount Everest in Nepal, surrounded by steep walls
of sediment that hold the icy waters in place.
As
glaciers in most parts
of the Himalayas melt, floods caused by the bursting
of rapidly expanding glacial
lakes pose an increasing risk to mountain communities.
He and colleagues thought that the answer to the floodwater question might also lie in the
lakes» moraines — piles
of sediments bulldozed by
glaciers into high ridges that act as dams.
As the
lake beneath the
glacier grew, pressure overcame the strength
of the ice dam.
In warm summers, relatively more sediment is deposited thanks to more meltwater from the
glaciers that create these
lakes, and the abundance
of algae in the sediment layers reveals the length
of growing seasons.
The modern
lakes are the remnants
of a giant prehistoric
lake, known as glacial Lake Peace, which covered much of the area between the retreating glaci
lake, known as glacial
Lake Peace, which covered much of the area between the retreating glaci
Lake Peace, which covered much
of the area between the retreating
glaciers.
The ridge acted as a dam, holding back a
lake that had formed in front
of a nearby
glacier.
Ten thousand to 15,000 years ago,
glaciers around a mile high covered the present - day location
of the Great
Lakes.
The Great
Lakes were shaped by ice ages that sent
glaciers sweeping over much
of the northern hemisphere.
Lakes on the McMurdo Peninsula, the largest
glacier - free swath
of Antarctica, are the best available model for frozen planets.
The ordinary meter - or - two - a-year speed
of the
glacier's flow increased roughly tenfold as it passed over the
lakes.
Also in the mid-1990s, another group
of scientists proposed the now widely accepted mechanism for how
lakes can form under
glaciers: Heat radiating from Earth's interior is trapped under the thick, insulating ice sheet, and pressure from the weight
of all the ice above it lowers the melting point
of the ice at the bottom.
To track how
glaciers grew and shrank over time, the scientists extracted sediment cores from a
glacier - fed
lake that provided the first continuous observation
of glacier change in southeastern Greenland.
To study the advance and retreat
of glaciers over nearly 10,000 years, scientists extracted sediment cores from the bottom
of glacier - fed Kulusuk
Lake in southeast Greenland.
And in the
lake bed sediments, the team will search for records
of the poorly understood history
of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, potentially revealing how the mighty
glacier has waxed and waned over time.
A glaciologist rather than a biologist, he wanted to investigate a question critical to climate change: Do subglacial rivers and
lakes lubricate the movement
of ice over land — and might they somehow accelerate a
glacier's flow into the ocean, triggering rapid sea level rise?
The clues came from DNA in sediment that had become trapped in accretion ice — the
lake water that freezes to the bottom
of the massive
glacier (S. A. Bulat et al..
The IceSat satellite, which Fricker uses to monitor subglacial
lakes and which others use to monitor the sagging tops
of melting
glaciers, can function only 66 days per year due to a technical glitch.
Head to your local science center and check out NASA's new short film showcasing the frozen portions
of the earth known as the cryosphere, which includes not only
glaciers and permafrost but also frozen
lakes and rivers and areas with seasonal snowfall.
Such
lakes of water pool at the bottom
of an ice sheet or
glacier, and were known to be scattered under parts
of Antarctica.
Mountains
of new ice underneath the ice sheet Researchers have also observed water in
lakes underneath
glaciers that refreezes into thin layers
of ice.
The waters, he eventually realized, could have come from catastrophic drainage
of Lake Missoula, an ancient, glacier - dammed lake in western Mont
Lake Missoula, an ancient,
glacier - dammed
lake in western Mont
lake in western Montana.
«The novelty
of our study lies in the bigger picture — measuring
glacier change over all main glaciated ranges in Bolivia — and in the identification
of potentially dangerous
lakes for the first time,» Cook says.
Hoffmann adds: «A nation - wide risk assessment
of potentially dangerous glacial
lakes would be
of great interest to local communities in
glacier watersheds.»
Life requires energy, and if the only sources
of energy are ice melt from the
glacier above and the minimal energy from the crust necessary to keep the
lake liquid, the pace
of life in the
lake could be slow indeed.
«On top
of that,
glacier recession is leaving
lakes that could burst and wash away villages or infrastructure downstream,» says lead - author Simon Cook, a lecturer at the Manchester Metropolitan University in the UK.
A new study by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, and the University
of California, Irvine, shows that while ice sheets and
glaciers continue to melt, changes in weather and climate over the past decade have caused Earth's continents to soak up and store an extra 3.2 trillion tons
of water in soils,
lakes and underground aquifers, temporarily slowing the rate
of sea level rise by about 20 percent.
The heat from those eruptions would have melted massive amounts
of ice to form englacial
lakes — bodies
of water that form within
glaciers like liquid bubbles in a half - frozen ice cube.
Heat from a volcano erupting beneath an immense
glacier would have created large
lakes of liquid water on Mars in the relatively recent past.
Natural ones include intraplate stress changes related to plate tectonics and natural water table or
lake level variations caused by changing weather patterns or water drainage patterns over time, or advance or retreat
of glaciers.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory»,
of the origin
of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,»
of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue
of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory
of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission
of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost
of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove
glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law
of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square
of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom
Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)
Add to your check list
of reality the fact that Himalayan
glaciers are melting at an alarming rate (see RC threads on tropical
glacier melt); enough so that flash flooding, from overflowing
glacier - melt
lakes, is a serious and life - threatening concern
of downstream populations.
Upon arriving, the researchers spotted a
lake on top
of a
glacier a bad sign for the ice.
When
glaciers retreated thousands
of years ago, they trapped relic salt water in depressions that are now high - salinity
lakes such as Ace
Lake.
Most
of the
lakes in Minnesota and Wisconsin were gouged out by
glaciers and later filled with glacial meltwaters.
Since IPCC (2001) the cryosphere has undergone significant changes, such as the substantial retreat
of arctic sea ice, especially in summer; the continued shrinking
of mountain
glaciers; the decrease in the extent
of snow cover and seasonally frozen ground, particularly in spring; the earlier breakup
of river and
lake ice; and widespread thinning
of antarctic ice shelves along the Amundsen Sea coast, indicating increased basal melting due to increased ocean heat fluxes in the cavities below the ice shelves.
100
of these
glaciers ended in
lakes or in the sea.
Some
of the meltwater from the
lakes and rivers atop the region's
glaciers, which end in large sinkholes called «moulins» and barrel down through the
glacier, is being stored and trapped on top
of the
glacier inside a low - density, porous «rotten ice.»