But Chinese scientists warn that global warming is main
cause of glacier retreat and the tourism ban will do little to reverse the trend.
The
effects of glacier retreat would become evident during the dry season, particularly in the west where glacial melt is more important to the river systems.
Global warming must be the primary
cause of glacier retreat, which is occurring on a global scale, but observed rapid melt rates suggest that other factors may be involved.
Researchers have already identified evidence
of glacier retreat in the West Antarctic and warned that bodies of ice massive enough together to raise global sea levels by three metres could — thanks to global warming as a consequence of fossil fuel combustion — be increasingly unstable.
Before the 20th century, the fastest
rate of glacier retreat reflected in the core was about 8,500 years ago, at a time when the Earth's position relative to the sun resulted in more summer sunlight in the Arctic.
The bold shading in the maps below shows the
likelihood of glacier retreat across the different regions by 2100 (upper map) and 2200 (lower map).
Before the 20th century, the fastest rate
of glacier retreat reflected in the core was about 8,500 years ago, at a time when the Earth's position relative to the sun resulted in more summer sunlight in the Arctic.
The bold shading in the maps below shows the likelihood
of glacier retreat across the different regions by 2100 (upper map) and 2200 (lower map).
In early 2009 the University of Zurich's World Glacier Monitoring Service reported that 2007 marked the eighteenth consecutive
year of glacier retreat.
Two new studies by researchers at the University of California, Irvine and NASA have found the fastest ongoing rates
of glacier retreat ever observed in West Antarctica and offer an unprecedented look at ice melting on the floating undersides of glaciers.
This can be affected by warming temperatures, but also by changes in snowfall, increases in solar radiation absorption due to a decrease in cloud cover, and increases in the water vapor content of air near the earth's surface.2, 14,15,16,17 In Cordillera Blanca, Peru, for example, one
study of glacier retreat between 1930 and 1950 linked the retreat to a decline in cloud cover and precipitation.18
As bad as that sounds, they noted, there are some features of the ocean floor topography that might work to slow down the
process of glacier retreat.
This short - term increase in runoff is interpreted as the
consequence of glacier retreat, but in the long term there will be a reduction in water supply as the glaciers shrink beyond a critical limit (Jansson et al., 2003).
According to a recently published paper in the journal Science, (Cook et al., 2016, «Ocean
forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula»), between 1945 and 2009 the mean ocean temperature warmed at depths of 150 to 400 meters for about 3 / 4ths of the waters surrounding the western Antarctic Peninsula (AP).
Pachauri, who led the compilation of some 2,000 of the world's top climate scientists for 13 years, worked to tighten up the credibility of the reports that guide policymakers and survived a scandal five years ago over exaggerated claims about the
speed of glaciers retreating.
These methods include inference of surface temperature change from vertical temperature profiles in the ground (bore holes) at many sites around the world, rate
of glacier retreat at many locations, and studies by several groups of the effect of urban and other local human influences on the global temperature record.
The analysis found three trends: 63
percent of glaciers retreated from 1974 to 1990, when it was warmer; 72 percent advanced from 1990 to 2000, when it was cooler; and 58 percent advanced from 2000 to 2010, a period that experienced phases of warming and cooling.
Some new research done by a team of French scientists confirms that glaciers in the Karakoram range (west of the Himalayan range and often mentioned as part of the same set of mountains) are bucking the worldwide
trend of glaciers retreating.
Bold shading shows likelihood
of glacier retreat, while pale shading shows elevation of the land underlying the ice.