But because climate change is real and there has been some intensely rapid
melting of the glacier in the past decade, it's nearly impossible to get on the glacier without a helicopter.
The discovery is significant because it is thought that such lakes may have accelerated the
retreat of glaciers in the past, and could do so again.
I think a greater harm will be the melting
of glaciers on which vast populations depend for agricultural irrigation, hydro - power, and drinking water.
Climate change is causing significant mass
loss of glaciers in high mountains worldwide.
In theory, if a large
mass of glaciers or ice sheets melted, this could cause a global sea level rise.
The reason being that hotter summers may actually slow down the
flow of glaciers, according to researchers.
Therefore, the researchers looked at the different
rates of glacier melt, according to scenarios of how quickly CO2 emissions are reduced over the course of this century.
Instead, it is a distinct layer deposited onto the surface of the rock at the
base of the glacier.
They used a combination of field observations and data from local weather stations to test a model
of glacier change over the past 50 years.
Upon arriving, the researchers spotted a lake on
top of a glacier a bad sign for the ice.
The mass
balance of glaciers is mainly influenced by winter precipitation and summer temperature.
Ice shelves (the floating front
edges of glaciers that extend tens to hundreds of miles offshore) melt more because of contact with ocean water below them than they do because of sunlight.
This exposed tall ice «cliffs» at their margin with an unstable height, and resulted in rapid retreat
of the glaciers from marine ice cliff instability between 12,000 and 11,000 years ago.
Finally I told everyone that today was the day, and it just so happened to coincide with us being in
front of a glacier.
They found that the thick, wide
parts of glaciers lose ice more easily than the thin, steep portions.
In the middle emissions scenario, over 90
percent of glaciers cross that point by the end of the century.
The formation, size and
movement of glaciers can provide valuable data, he said, because these characteristics reflect current and historic changes in temperature, precipitation or both.
This gives rise to a stability criterion that depends only on the rate of change of sea bed depth along the
length of the glacier.
One study in 2011 using aerial photographs concluded that
many of the glaciers in Wind River lost on average 38 percent of their surface area over the latter half of the 20th century.
They then compared accumulation of ice in these cylinders to the expansion and retreat
of the glacier over the past millennium.
A full explanation will require numerical
modeling of glacier flow, but observations to date suggest that ice shelves act as «braking» systems on the glaciers behind them.
Today is filled with breathtaking
views of glaciers and offers great wildlife watching opportunities for all manner of marine life.
They worked with satellite images and
measurements of the glaciers along with local weather data to understand what happened over the last few decades.
However, mass balance observations are needed for estimating the
contribution of glacier melt to sea level rise, so are discussed further in Chapter 11.
Where the
face of a glacier meets the ocean, warm water can melt it from underneath, gradually forcing back the «grounding line» where the glacier sits on the land.
The sheer
size of the glacier caused the total required measurements to be similar to achieve reasonable accuracy.
However, the recent studies of some of the Himalayan glaciers indicate that the rate of recession of
most of the glaciers in general is on decline.
But for scientists concerned about the
impact of glacier melt, it is important to know whether these recent losses are due to natural variability, or to man - made climate change.
Best of all, all these flavours are packed together, so you can be in the jungle in the morning and at the
foot of a glacier by the evening.
With more than twenty
years of glaciers from ten different glaciers we have tested a forecasting tool for glacier mass balance.
By mapping these, and using the dating information, the team was able to identify the maximum historical
extent of the glaciers.
They include increases in surface, atmospheric and oceanic temperatures;
shrinking of glaciers; decreasing snow cover and sea ice; rising sea level and increasing atmospheric water vapour.
Phrases with «of glaciers»