Regulation
of Glioblastoma Tumor - Propagating Cells by the Integrin Partner Tetraspanin CD151.
Analysis
of glioblastoma tumor coverage by oncolytic virus - loaded neural stem cells using MRI - based tracking and histological reconstruction.
Biopsied samples
of glioblastoma tumors contain high level of STK17A.
Neuroscientist Duane Mitchell of Duke University Medical Center and his colleagues confirmed in 2007 that CMV is active in at least 90 percent
of glioblastoma tumors.
«Areas
of glioblastoma tumors correlate with separate subtypes of glioma stem cells.»
Not exact matches
Novocure's main focus to date has been treating
glioblastoma, or GBM, a type
of tumor that affects the brain.
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and deadliest
of the glial
tumors because the cells reproduce so rapidly.
In 2009 he had been diagnosed with a type
of rapidly growing brain
tumor called a high - grade astrocytoma that, despite aggressive treatment, eventually evolved into a
glioblastoma — the highly malignant brain
tumor that also took the lives
of Vice President Joe Biden's son, Beau, in 2015 and former Sen. Ted Kennedy in 2009.
Glioblastoma remains one
of the most difficult types
of brain
tumors to treat successfully.
Sen. John McCain
of Arizona last week revealed he is battling
glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive type
of malignant brain
tumor in adults.
The scientists also tested the therapy on
tumors taken from two patients who had not responded to conventional therapy for their
glioblastoma, a deadly form
of brain cancer.
Small populations
of adult stem cells with somewhat limited developmental potential are responsible for the body's ability to heal injuries and replace worn out cells and tissues, and evidence is growing that rare cancer stem cells are responsible for the uncontrolled growth
of some malignant
tumors, including
glioblastoma.
Now, a high - fat, low - carbohydrate version
of the ketogenic diet has been shown to slow
glioblastoma tumors by cutting back on the energy supply they need to thrive, said Brent Reynolds, Ph.D., a professor in the Lillian S. Wells Department
of Neurosurgery.
Northwestern Medicine scientists have identified a small RNA molecule called miR - 182 that can suppress cancer - causing genes in mice with
glioblastoma mulitforme (GBM), a deadly and incurable type
of brain
tumor.
Although there have been great advances made in the treatment
of leukemias and other cancers, little is known about how
Glioblastomas are formed and how these
tumors infiltrate the brain tissue.
«We know that 70 - 75 percent
of glioblastoma patients undergo surgery for
tumor debulking, and we have previously shown that MSCs encapsulated in biocompatible gels can be used as therapeutic agents in a mouse model that mimics this debulking,» he continued.
«Our study identified miR - 182 as a
glioblastoma tumor suppressor that reduces the expression
of several oncogenes that promote cancer development,» said senior author
of the study Alexander Stegh, an assistant professor in the Ken and Ruth Davee department
of neurology and
of medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School
of Medicine.
In addition to diminishing the
tumor's energy supply, the diet slows the growth
of glioblastoma cells by altering a cellular - signaling pathway that commonly occurs in cancers, according to the researchers.
The activity
of four transcription factors — proteins that regulate the expression
of other genes — appears to distinguish the small proportion
of glioblastoma cells responsible for the aggressiveness and treatment resistance
of the deadly brain
tumor.
Several studies have used cell - surface markers — proteins found on the outer membranes
of tumor cells — to identify
glioblastoma stem cells; but the specific markers used have been controversial and can not reflect molecular processes going on within
tumor cells.
Again, using mouse models
of glioblastoma — this time created from brain
tumor cells that were resistant to the herpes virus — the therapy led to increased animal survival.
Glioblastoma is one
of the most common types
of malignant brain
tumors in adults.
In a series
of experiments, the researchers first identified a set
of 19 transcription factors that were expressed at significantly greater levels in cultured human
glioblastoma stem cells capable
of tumor propagation than in differentiated
tumor cells.
Testing each
of these factors for their ability to return differentiated
tumor cells to a stem - like state, identified a combination
of four — POU3F2, SOX2, SALL2 and OLIG2 — that was able to reprogram differentiated
tumor cells back into
glioblastoma stem cells, both in vitro and in an animal model.
Identifying the drivers
of these different cellular states in
glioblastoma stem cells could offer us the best opportunity for treating what remains an extremely difficult - to - treat
tumor.»
While there have been improvements in the current standard treatments, patients with
glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive form
of brain
tumor, still suffer from a median survival rate
of only 14.6 months and 5 - year overall survival rates
of less than 10 %.
A
glioblastoma tumor requires large amounts
of energy as it grows, and the dietary intervention works by drastically limiting the
tumor's supply
of glucose, Reynolds said.
And a small number
of glioblastoma patients do not have CMV in their
tumors.
In 2002 scientists showed that cytomegalovirus, or CMV, was active in the brain
tumors but not the surrounding healthy tissue
of all 27 patients they tested who had
glioblastoma multiforme.
Baliga's group is also mapping networks in patients with
glioblastoma, a particularly deadly type
of brain
tumor.
Glioblastoma accounts for about 15 percent
of all brain
tumors, is resistant to current therapies and has a survival as short as 15 months after diagnosis.
From tissue and cell samples from five
glioblastoma patients, the scientists obtained 33 individual cancer cells capable
of reproduction, which grew into very different
tumors in the lab.
Little is known, however, about the metabolic pathways that drive the growth
of individual
glioblastoma subtypes — knowledge that is crucial for developing novel and effective targeted therapies that might improve treatment for these lethal
tumors.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type
of tumor that originates in the brain and with no curative treatments currently available, the average survival time for patients ranges from 15 to 18 months.
Glioblastomas in lab dishes and mouse brains are fakes, little Potemkin villages that everyone thought were faithful replicas of human glioblastomas but which, lacking tumor stem cells, were nothing
Glioblastomas in lab dishes and mouse brains are fakes, little Potemkin villages that everyone thought were faithful replicas
of human
glioblastomas but which, lacking tumor stem cells, were nothing
glioblastomas but which, lacking
tumor stem cells, were nothing
of the kind.
In a study published in the Journal
of NeuroOncology, TGen researchers report that PPF works to limit the spread
of glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM — the most common primary
tumor of the brain and central nervous system — by targeting a protein called TROY.
«We've had luck with other types
of cancer in removing the brakes on the immune system to allow it to fight the
tumors, but this has not been the case with
glioblastoma,» said study author Anhua Wu, MD, PhD,
of the First Hospital
of China Medical University in Shenyang, China.
«Drug could limit spread
of deadly brain
tumors: Study shows PPF could help treat
glioblastomas by sensitizing
tumors to chemotherapy, radiation treatments.»
A neuro - oncology research team at Dartmouth's Norris Cotton Cancer Center, led by the Director Mark A. Israel, MD with first author Gilbert J. Rahme, PhD, recently identified the transcription factor Id4 as a suppressor
of tumor cell invasion in
glioblastoma.
However, because
of the aggressive way
glioblastomas invade surrounding brain tissue, it is impossible to remove all parts
of the
tumors, and the cancer eventually returns and spreads.
Glioblastoma is the most lethal form
of primary brain
tumor and leads to death in patients by invading the brain tissue in a process that allows single cells to move through normal brain tissue, which makes complete surgical removal
of the
tumor impossible.
Researchers have identified a group
of immune system genes that may play a role in how long people can live after developing a common type
of brain cancer called
glioblastoma multiforme, a
tumor of the glial cells in the brain.
In a model
of glioblastoma, a brain cancer that does not metastasize outside
of the brain, they could readily see that the length
of circulating
tumor DNA was smaller than healthy DNA by 20 - 50 base pairs.
Of the 297, 127 people had glioblastoma and 170 had a lower grade glioma, which is also a tumor of glial cells, but less aggressive than glioblastom
Of the 297, 127 people had
glioblastoma and 170 had a lower grade glioma, which is also a
tumor of glial cells, but less aggressive than glioblastom
of glial cells, but less aggressive than
glioblastoma.
Another is that the transplanted bits
of tumor act nothing like cancers in actual human brains, Fine and colleagues reported in 2006: Real - life
glioblastomas grow and spread and resist treatment because they contain what are called
tumor stem cells, but
tumor stem cells don't grow well in the lab, so they don't get transplanted into those mouse brains.
«This finding suggests a novel therapeutic target to decrease invasion
of tumor cells in patients and may also provide a novel biomarker that could help predict survival
of patients with
glioblastoma,» explained Israel.
Shah next plans to rationally combine the toxin - secreting stem cells with a number
of different therapeutic stem cells developed by his team to further enhance their positive results in mouse models
of glioblastoma, the most common brain
tumor in human adults.
These findings provide further evidence
of ONC201 as an inhibitor
of cancer stem cells and support ongoing clinical trials in prostate cancer and
glioblastoma that have shown evidence
of tumor shrinkage.
The loss
of the
tumor suppressor gene PTEN has been linked to
tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance in the almost invariably lethal brain cancer
glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
The study — Genomic profiles
of low - grade murine gliomas evolve during progression to
glioblastoma — published April 7, shows how these
tumors continue to rapidly evolve, becoming ever more genetically diverse, as they become malignant and progress.