As the control
of gonorrhoea depends on effective antimicrobial treatment, even a small increase in drug resistance has a huge impact due to the risk of treatment failure.
In a rare public alert last week, the World Health Organization warned that highly resistant cases
of gonorrhoea have now been detected in Japan, Europe and Australia.
England's public health agency has discovered more cases
of gonorrhoea that are resistant to nearly all antibiotics.
@Yeah Right Instances
of gonorrhoea were up by 61 per cent among men who have $ ex with men.
Not exact matches
The Second World War changed all this; the imminent collapse
of civilization tended to break down social barriers, and sex education became more about avoiding syphilis,
gonorrhoea and the like.
«Public Health England will continue to monitor, and act on, the spread
of antimicrobial resistance and potential
gonorrhoea treatment failures, to make sure they are identified and managed promptly.»
In her letter, the chief medical officer said: «
Gonorrhoea is at risk
of becoming an untreatable disease due to the continuing emergence
of antimicrobial resistance.»
It is part
of a class
of pathogenic bacteria that are becoming increasingly antibiotic - resistant and that includes E. coli, a leading cause
of urinary tract infections, and N.
gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea.
But syphilis, malaria, typhoid and
gonorrhoea are also part
of the world we evolved in and often much more part
of us than we would choose.
The findings are especially important as Neisseria
gonorrhoeae is considered a «superbug» because
of its resistance to all classes
of antibiotics available for treating infections.
Between the limited profits to be made from drugs that cure infections and the previous success
of antibiotics against
gonorrhoea there has been little investment in the disease.
In the mid-1970s, two dangerous bugs almost simultaneously became resistant to penicillin: Haemophilus influenzae, which induces respiratory infections, and Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, the cause
of the venereal disease gonorrhea.
In Australia, where the figures for 2017 have just been released, rates
of syphilis,
gonorrhoea and chlamydia are the highest they have been since national recording began in the 1990s.
The result has been the emergence
of strains
of infections including tuberculosis and malaria, pneumonia and
gonorrhoea that resist all known classes
of drugs.
However, to our knowledge this is the first national study on susceptibility
of N.
gonorrhoeae to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in China.
The study, conducted by Yueping Yin
of the National Center for STD Control & Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute
of Dermatology, Nanjing, China, and colleagues, also showed that the prevalence
of dual resistance to these agents in N.
gonorrhoeae isolates increased from 2013 to 2016.
Antimicrobial resistance in N.
gonorrhoeae is a global threat in the control
of this infection.
Subjecting N.
gonorrhoeae to the phenotypic microarray screening method for the first time, Sikora's team focused on seven proteins from the bacteria's cell envelope, which consists
of the outer membrane, the cell wall and the inner membrane.
The prevalence
of sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis, rectal
gonorrhoea or chlamydia, did not differ significantly between groups despite a suggestion
of risk compensation among a small proportion
of PrEP recipients.
Since 2008, the overall rate
of reported
gonorrhoea infections has more than doubled across Europe, going up from 8 per 100,000 population to 20 cases per 100,000 persons in 2014.
Published today in PLOS Pathogens, Dr Thomas Naderer and Dr Pankaj Deo and their team from the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, have discovered how the
gonorrhoea - causing superbug (which is very small) creates even smaller packages
of bacterial membrane blebs, termed vesicles, which attack immune cells.
Looking at ways
of transmission, almost half (44 %)
of the reported
gonorrhoea diagnoses in the EU / EEA in 2014 were reported to be among men who have sex with men (MSM).
Expression
of a Clostridium perfringens type IV pilin by Neisseria
gonorrhoeae mediates adherence to muscle cells.
Another very worrisome development is the emergence
of multi-resistant Neisseria strains that cause the STD
gonorrhoea.
Transcription profiling
of two very different bacterial pathogens: Mycobacterium ulcerans and Neisseria
gonorrhoea
Four
of the seven proteins might also be useful in a vaccine for gonorrhea because they are present in three types
of N.
gonorrhoeae.
A medical illustration
of Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, the bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.
Other studies included use
of rapid tests for HIV, HBV and HCV for emergency field testing
of the «Walking Blood Bank» in military operations; use
of dried blood spots for collection
of specimens in the field for testing
of HIV, Dengue, West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus; and molecular assays for monitoring Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, Ebola virus, and other infectious agents in epidemiology and vaccine research studies.
Next generation sequencing can accurately predict antibiotic susceptibility in Neisseria
gonorrhoeae (NG) allowing preservation
of first - line treatments in the face
of widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Chlamydia trachomatis is inactivated by lauric acid, capric acid, and monocaprin (Bergsson et al 1998), and hydrogels containing monocaprin are potent in vitro inactivators
of sexually transmitted viruses such as HSV - 2 and HIV - 1 and bacteria such as Neisseria
gonorrhoeae (Thormar 1999).
Thanks to the discovery
of penicillin in the early 20th century, syphilis and
gonorrhoea can now be treated with antibiotics, but both infections were once incurable.
Duration: Approximately 30 mins 20 slides covering: • The Male Reproductive System • The Female Reproductive System • Infectious Diseases
of the Reproductive System • Bacterial Infections:
Gonorrhoea • Bacterial Infections: Syphilis • Bacterial Infections: Chlamydia • Viral Infections: Genital Herpes • Viral Infections: Genital Warts • Reducing the Risk
of Contracting STIs • Non-infectious Diseases
of the Reproductive System • Female Cancers • Male Cancers • Treating Cancer
BD Viper System; the BD ProbeTec ET System, which utilizes homogeneous Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA) technology as the amplification method and fluorescent energy transfer (ET) as the detection method to test for the presence
of C. trachomatis and N.
gonorrhoeae DNA in clinical specimens.
Bad Bacteria and Their Harmless Kin Share, Swap Genes (article plus photograph, the latter
of which will enlarge if you click on it) time - lapse video
of N.
gonorrhoeae forming microcolonies
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae is a bacteria species whose coffee - bean - shaped members thrive in mucosal cells
of the human body.
Finally, there is even recent evidence showing that N.
gonorrhoeae has incorporated a piece
of human DNA into its own genome — though at this point, scientists can only speculate as to whether this gives it evolutionary advantages.
These retractile pili, which are usually bundled together for extra strength, can pull 100,000 times the weight
of the bacterium, making N.
gonorrhoeae among the strongest living organisms; in terms
of proportional strength, it is the equivalent
of a human lifting 10,000 tons.
About 52.0 %
of the respondents had unprotected sexual intercourse in the previous 3 months; 15.8 % had sexual intercourse with multiple partners in the previous 3 months; 9.5 % had a least 1 child; and 21.6 % tested positive for N
gonorrhoeae, C trachomatis or T vaginalis.
Recorded
gonorrhoea rates in Denmark, 1900 — 2010: the impact
of clinical testing activity and laboratory diagnostic procedures
These are a significant public health issue for Indigenous Australians, with rates
of chlamydia,
gonorrhoea and syphilis three times, 30 times and six times higher respectively than for non-Indigenous Australians.
The unacceptable level
of other STIs — chlamydia,
gonorrhoea and others — in these populations is well documented, has persisted for decades and reflects underlying youth sexual health disadvantage.
Additionally, there is research into a vaccine to protect against gonorrhea, although due to the shifty nature
of N.
gonorrhoeae's genetic sequence this goal has eluded vaccinologists for decades.
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae is a species
of tricky bacteria that cause gonorrhea, which can infect the mouth, throat, rectum, urethra, cervix, and even eyes.