Göteborg, Sweden (Scicasts)-- A tiny layer
of graphene flakes becomes a deadly weapon and kills bacteria, stopping infections during procedures such as implant surgery.
Individual Ni atoms catalyzing the growth
of a graphene flake along its edges were imaged on the millisecond time scale.
Not exact matches
The catalytic action
of individual Ni atoms at the edges
of a growing
graphene flake was directly captured by scanning tunneling microscopy imaging at the millisecond time scale, while force field molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations rationalize the experimental observations.
Bruce Kane at the University
of Maryland in College Park sprayed charged
graphene flakes a micron wide into a vacuum chamber.
But recently, scientists have discovered that radioactive materials in water can clump onto
flakes of graphene oxide (GO).
Researchers discovered
graphene, or one - atom - thick sheets
of carbon, by mechanically peeling progressively finer layers from raw
flakes of graphite, the same stuff found in pencil lead (See: «Carbon Wonderland,» by Andre K. Geim and Philip Kim, in the April issue
of Scientific American).
Theoretically, macroscopical three - dimensional
graphene assemblies should retain the properties
of nanoscale
graphene flakes.
The foam consists
of microscopic, cross-linked
flakes of graphene, the two - dimensional form
of carbon.
Without oxygen, heat from the laser doesn't burn the pine but transforms the surface into wrinkled
flakes of graphene foam bound to the wood surface.
Physicist Philip Kim
of Columbia University began trying to
flake off
graphene layers in 2002 by dragging a tiny graphite rod with an atomic force microscope, which is like an exquisitely sensitive phonograph needle.
The laser burns away everything but the carbon to a depth
of 20 microns on the top layer, which becomes a foam - like matrix
of interconnected
graphene flakes.
The product is not a two - dimensional slice
of graphene but a porous foam
of interconnected
flakes about 20 microns thick.
It is based on a tiny
flake of graphene, a material from which a veritable research boom has arisen since its discovery and for which the Nobel Prize was awarded in 2010.
An electron microscope image shows
flake - like nanoplatelets made
of graphene quantum dots drawn from coal and
graphene oxide sheets, modified with boron and nitrogen.
Higher frequencies and shorter treatments did not lead to significant damage
of the
graphene oxide
flakes and produced larger scrolls, while low frequencies and longer treatment times tended to cleave
flakes apart and create smaller scrolls.
Stein and Amadei applied both techniques to solutions
of graphene oxide
flakes and observed similar effects: The bubbles that were created in solution eventually collapsed, releasing energy that caused the
flakes to spontaneously curl into scrolls.
Stein and Amadei first used a common technique called the Hummers» method to separate graphite
flakes into individual layers
of graphene oxide.
Flakes of graphene welded together into solid materials may be suitable for bone implants, according to a study led by Rice University scientists.
A layer
of vertical
graphene flakes forms a protective surface that makes it impossible for bacteria to attach.
«Compared to those small molecules used in current hair dyes,
graphene flakes are humongous,» said Huang, who is a member
of Northwestern's International Institute
of Nanotechnology.
In this case, the ink is
flakes of graphene - the wonder material can be a great conductor
of electricity and heat, plus it's strong, stable and biocompatible.
Graphene flakes can have a very large proportion
of edge atoms, all
of which have a particular chemical reactivity.
Many researchers — including Jonathan Coleman at Trinity College Dublin — have been chasing ways to make large amounts
of good - quality
graphene flakes.
The result, the team reports: a large number
of micrometre - sized
flakes of graphene, suspended in the water.
Meany: My opinion is that once we can control the
graphene production process so that we can make a centimeter square
flake of graphene, it might as well be a hundred meters or a thousand meters squared.