Developed project specifications, such as placement of wells at site, design and selection
of groundwater well construction materials, and analytical sampling plans.
At least 140 million people in Asia are drinking arsenic - contaminated water, and the ever - expanding use
of groundwater wells — a growing population needs water to drink, and farmers need it to grow crops to feed them — has been making the situation worse.
Not exact matches
They should instead re-examine their practices that might have led to traces
of, for example, diesel turning up in the Wyoming
groundwater and come up with standards that would make leaks along the
well bore impossible before less appropriate and more costly rules are thrust upon them at a time when natural gas prices are hitting 10 - year lows.
One study out
of Duke University found a higher - than - average presence
of methane in water
wells located close to fracking operations, but methane in
groundwater can come from a variety
of sources, including organic decomposition near the surface.
Most
of the potential causes
of groundwater contamination, such as fluid or gases travelling along
well bores, are avoidable and there are ways to conserve fresh water.
Yet we who live in Chilliwack know that the pipeline route runs through two school yards, crosses our city's protected
groundwater zone and passes within capture zones
of city
wells.
The group discovered that the dump contained toxic materials that were contaminating the
groundwater of Billerica and the Concord River, as
well as creating other threats to human health.
Human
groundwater contamination can be related to waste disposal (private sewage disposal systems, land disposal
of solid waste, municipal wastewater, wastewater impoundments, land spreading
of sludge, brine disposal from the petroleum industry, mine wastes, deep -
well disposal
of liquid wastes, animal feedlot wastes, radioactive wastes) or not directly related to waste disposal (accidents, certain agricultural activities, mining, highway deicing, acid rain, improper
well construction and maintenance, road salt).
Cabazon's AWS Gold certification is reflective
of the facility's meeting
of advanced - level criteria, including the site's positive contribution to the local
groundwater system,
best practice
of the site's water balance,
best practice
of the site's water quality, and implementation
of a water education program, among others.
Elevated levels
of radium have been found in
groundwater samples from shallow monitoring
wells on the Bethpage High School campus and the state DEC plans to take more samples and scan field and soil areas there for more radioactive elements.
«Our results show that even among baseline
groundwater samples collected near existing gas
wells, there is no evidence
of systematic increased dissolved methane concentrations closer to oil / gas
wells.
Combined, the results
of all four statistical approaches yield a defensible, compelling argument that there is no significant correlation between dissolved methane concentrations in
groundwater and proximity to nearby oil / gas
wells.»
The
well - drilling unit played a key role in the county's
groundwater investigation that forced the U.S. Navy to step up efforts to clean up a
groundwater plume contaminated with high concentrations
of «volatile organic compounds» beneath the former Grumman weapons facility in Calverton.
The proposed budget also includes funding to fast - track construction
of wells to contain and treat
groundwater contamination traced to a site where the U.S. Navy and what is now Northrop Grumman ran manufacturing, research and testing operations in Bethpage decades ago.
Foes
of a New York City plan to study reopening dozens
of dormant
groundwater wells in Southeastern Queens urged the plan's postponement to make sure Long Island's water supply wouldn't be jeopardized.
This was based on results from samples from Entergy's
groundwater monitoring program taken January 26 that identified elevated levels
of tritium in three monitoring
wells out
of several dozen.
Testing
wells have revealed a not especially dangerous but still unsettling tritium spill into the
groundwater beneath Indian Point, the three - reactor nuclear - power plant 35 miles north
of New York City.
Its own water tests, done as a result
of Hickey's discovery, included results that showed levels
of PFOA at 18,000 ppt in the
groundwater under its McCaffrey Street plant — several hundred yards from the village's
well fields.
Being a
good steward
of groundwater just makes sense.
Across the nation, concern over contamination has risen in places like Seattle, where the city recently sued the agribusiness giant Monsanto over chemical pollution in the Duwamish River, and in Minnesota, where a state report issued last week found that up to 60 percent
of groundwater samples from
wells in the central part
of the state had unsafe levels
of nitrates.
Comparing the relative abundance
of these carbon isotopes in the various
wells, the researchers discovered that over half
of wells more than 250 meters deep yielded mostly
groundwater at least 12,000 years old.
Scientists typically monitor
groundwater reserves using
wells, but this method fails to provide the global picture
of how water levels are changing.
DEEP WATER Deep
groundwater wells, such as this hand - pumped
well in Uganda being operated by water resources scientist Scott Jasechko, can contain mixes
of old and young water and traces
of pollution.
The deeper the
well, the more likely it is to contain a larger share
of «fossil»
groundwater that's at least 12,000 years old.
No matter where the young water comes from, the new technique for identifying the percentage
of fossil
groundwater in a
well could be an important tool for communities, says Audrey Sawyer, a hydrogeologist at Ohio State University in Columbus.
A two - year study
of fracking
wells in Los Angeles, conducted by consultants Cardno Entrix and funded by the oil industry, monitored 15 environmental factors before and after fracking, including
groundwater chemistry, vibration at the surface and at depth, and methane release.
EnCana bought many
of the
wells in 2004, after the first problems with
groundwater contamination had been reported.
Because
of such concerns the U.S. Department
of Energy has convened a special task force to improve the safety and environmental impacts
of such fracking for natural gas, including how
best to dispose
of the voluminous wastewater as
well as ensuring proper sealing
of wells to prevent such
groundwater contamination.
Year after year, as the rivers and streams have dwindled, the state's Department
of Water Resources, which requires permits, has continued to issue them, allowing new
groundwater wells, and not counting their withdrawals as part
of a single system.
For example, Las Vegas and a smattering
of rural and tribal communities draw
groundwater from
wells and springs northeast
of the city.
The pumping
of groundwater, by contrast, has been left largely unregulated for the
better part
of the past century across California and parts
of Arizona.
He estimates that the
wells in Needles draw an average
of about 700 million gallons
of groundwater annually that, in truth, ultimately comes from the Colorado River.
David Roberts oversees water rights and policy for the Salt River Project, one
of the state's largest public water and power utilities, which is suing landowners over their
groundwater wells.
«Sociological studies are imperative for understanding the mindsets
of well owners, who are a distinct group
of Kansans who will continue to influence the availability
of groundwater,» Ternes said.
Kansans who own water
wells show more awareness
of state water policy issues than those who rely on municipal water supplies, according to a study that could have implications for
groundwater management and environmental policies.
A new study links elevated levels
of methane and other gases in
groundwater to nearby hydraulic fracturing
wells on the Marcellus shale, and suggests the problem lies in poorly designed
well casings
Over the lifespan
of a gas station, Hilpert says, concrete pads underneath the pumps can accumulate significant amounts
of gasoline, which can eventually penetrate the concrete and escape into underlying soil and
groundwater, potentially impacting the health
of those who use
wells as a water source.
Overall, pesticides were less common in so - called
groundwater, such as that in
wells, although 33 percent
of deep
wells that tap aquifers contained one or more
of the chemicals.
For example, Jakarta's consumption
of groundwater for industry and domestic use has been so high that sea water has infiltrated shallow
wells as far as 10 kilometres inland.
«The
groundwater - based water was not as
well liked as IDR or bottled water,» said Mary Gauvain, a professor
of psychology at UC Riverside and co-author
of the study.
«It's fair to assume that there's going to be another drought, and fair to assume that there will be usage
of groundwater in that drought too; the
wells are already there,» Lettenmaier said.
Pere Masqué, also co-author
of the study, adds that, «in addition to nutrients, SGD can play a crucial role as a source
of other dissolved compounds flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, as
well as in all the oceans worldwide, such as carbon, iron and other micronutrients, given the magnitude
of the calculated fluxes and the high concentration
of these compounds in
groundwater.»
Ewing's Russian colleagues, led by Alexander Novikov
of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, sampled the
groundwater taken from
wells up to four kilometers from the scene
of original contamination, where radioactivity levels reach roughly 1,000 becquerels (nuclei decaying per second) per liter.
As part
of a search for the cause, geologic tests revealed large deposits
of arsenic - rich minerals steadily leaching into
groundwater, causing levels in many
wells to top 500 ppb.
In northern India, tens
of millions
of bore
wells are depleting
groundwater much faster than it can replenish, just as in China.
The companies inject this wastewater into
wells to dispose
of it, which raises the
groundwater pressure and can stress geologic faults.
With more than 17 million Americans now living within one mile
of an oil and gas
well, there is concern about the possible contamination
of surface and
groundwater by trace metals, radioactive isotopes and other inorganic compounds released in these areas, they point out.
They will require drilling companies to encase their
wells in cement through vulnerable areas where they could leak into
groundwater, and will require testing
of that cement to ensure it is properly in place.
Yet in addition to extinctions there are many dramatic,
well - documented effects
of introduced species, such as shifts in regional climate, reduced
groundwater levels, altered nutrient cycling, and reduced oxygen levels in aquatic systems, which affect the abundance and distribution
of native species.
Gido, Perkin and their colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado State University, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Westar Energy and The Nature Conservancy used
groundwater well data from the 1950s to 2010 to track the rate
of change in the water table
of the High Plains Aquifer.