Sentences with phrase «of guanine»

The presence of a guanine nucleotide at rs9349379 was associated with higher levels of the endothelin - 1 precursor protein produced by EDN1, as well as higher rates of coronary artery disease and lower rates of migraine headache, cervical artery dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, and hypertension.

Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: activation of Toll - like receptor 7.

One of these forms consists of a guanine - rich four - stranded DNA, a so - called G4 structure.

«It is really remarkable that even if the undamaged and the damaged guanine are bound in the active centre and assume identical positions, only the oxidized form of guanine is excised from DNA by the human repair enzyme hOGG1,» says Sadeghian, first author of the study.

«Contrary to the assumptions so far, that the oxidized form of guanine has to be activated first for the repair to take place, we have now shown that the sugar bound to it plays a crucial role in the first step,» Sadeghian reports.

Relative to reactions on naked DNA, there are changes (protections and enhancements) in the reactivity of guanine residues to dimethyl sulfate within the enhancer sequence in myeloma, B, and early B cells, whereas virtually no alterations appear in cells of non-B lineage.

Not exact matches

DNA is base - 4, composed of adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine (abbreviated as A, C, G and T).

The four bases — adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, usually abbreviated A, C, G and T — constitute the alphabet of the genetic language.

This particular founder was born missing the letters A (for adenine) and G (guanine) from the DNA chain at the 185 site on one copy of his or her BRCA1 gene.

Here, two ER to Golgi v - SNAREs, Bet1p and Bos1p, were shown to interact specifically with Sar1p, Sec23p, and Sec24p, components of the COPII coat, in a guanine nucleotide — dependent fashion.

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide - binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) dissociate into guanosine triphosphate (GTP)- bound alpha subunits and a complex of beta and gamma subunits after interaction with receptors.

The specificity for coupling to the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein lies within a region extending from the amino terminus of the fifth hydrophobic domain to the carboxyl terminus of the sixth.

Those As, Gs, Cs and Ts are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine — the four bases that make up each strand of DNA and can tell you what organism the strand of DNA came from.

These RNA - binding proteins include sequences of amino acids that bind to one of the ribonucleotide bases or «letters» that make up RNA sequences — adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), and guanine (G).

In place of rungs, the twisting, four - sided tower has platforms with a guanine nucleotide on each of four corners, hence the name G - quadruplex.

DNA is made of four substances — the nucleotide bases adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine — that will combine only in specific configurations and sequences.

A single strand of DNA can fold onto itself to form a G - quadruplex, or guanines from multiple strands can bond to form the four - stranded structure.

Our genome is made up of 6,000 million pieces of DNA that combine four «flavors»: A, C, G and T (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine).

It was nearly 100 years after Mendel published his work that scientists discovered genes are composed of the double - helical molecule DNA, which is built from four chemical letters, or bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.

Furthermore, by adding guanine nucleotides at the end of sgRNA (single guided RNA) that composes CRISPR - Cas9, they have successfully created this highly - developed programmable nuclease, which has no measurable off - target effects in the human genome.

The guanine - uracil (G.U) base pair that helps to define the 5» - splice site of group I introns is phylogenetically highly conserved.

They found that methylation levels correlated with Alzheimer's disease in 71 of 415,848 CpG markers analyzed (these are a pair of DNA building blocks consisting of a cytosine and a guanine nucleotide that are located next to each other).

In their recent publication in eLife, the Schwalbe group and their collaborators released molecular structures of the xpt - pbuX riboswitch in the off - position after synthesis and in the on - position upon binding by the small messenger molecule guanine.

The enzyme in the standard CRISPR toolkit, called spCas9 for its natural source, the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, can only land on genome segments that have at one end a specific three - base trio: N, where N is any of DNA's four bases, followed by two guanines (Gs).

Previous work had shown that two variations in the COX - 2 gene, with either a guanine (G) or a cytosine (C) molecule at a particular spot in the gene's DNA sequence, lead to different levels of COX - 2 protein.

Histological measurements revealed that specific arrangements of reflective guanine platelets in the fish's skin produce angle - dependent polarization modifications for polarocrypsis in the open ocean, suggesting a mechanism for natural selection to shape reflectance properties in this complex environment.

Most of the affected residues are in four clusters, in sequences homologous to the octamer 5 «CAGGTGGC 3» (C, cytosine; A, adenine; G. guanine; T, thymine).

β - Arrestins, originally discovered in the context of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein — coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, also function in internalization and signaling of these receptors.

Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide — binding (G) protein.

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide — binding protein (G protein)-- coupled receptors constitute the largest family of eukaryotic signal transduction proteins that communicate across the membrane.

In body cells, 99.98 percent of methylation occurs where the DNA sequence has a molecule of cytosine (C) adjacent to a guanine (G).

It is formed by combining four parts: A, C, G and T (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine), called bases of DNA combine in thousands of possible sequences to provide the genetic variability that enables the wealth of aspects and functions of living beings.

The newly published paper identifies ppGpp (guanosine - 3», 5» -(bis) pyrophosphate), a compound related in structure to the guanine building block of DNA, as the central controller of UvrD - driven backtracking in the NER pathway.

Examining the end products of the reaction, CiviŠ and his team found all four RNA bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil — three of which are also found in DNA (PNAS, doi.org/xm8).

Such statements do not begin to address the conditions and processes that led to the assembly of the nucleotides — adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil — nor do the statements indicate that the materials necessary to form the nucleotides might be present in hydrothermal vents.

Sequencing devices take long strings of a person's DNA and randomly chop them into small pieces that can be individually analyzed to determine their sequence of letters from the genetic code (A, C, G and T representing the four key components of DNA that code for protein production in living organisms: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine).

The basis for this observation is that the genomes of all organisms are written in an «alphabet» that consists of only four nucleobase molecules: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).

DNA's alphabet consisted of just four letters, A, C, G and T, that stand for four chemical units, or bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.

Within the nucleus of each cell, long strands of DNA encode an organism's genes by combining just four chemical building blocks — adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

RNA, too is composed of four chemical bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and — in a slight departure from DNA — uracil.

The most commonly used form of Cas9, derived from the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and known as SpCas9, recognizes PAM sequences in which any nucleotide is followed by two guanine DNA bases.

Working with French composer Richard Krüll, the pair turned the complete nucleotide sequences of several microbe genes into compositions based on DNA bases: A (adenosine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and Thymine (which they have translated to «Re,» or D).

The tests look for differences in the DNA nucleotides adenosine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine (A, T, G, and C — the letters of the genetic code) between one person and another, or between one group of people and another group.

The technique of DNA origami capitalizes on the simple base - pairing properties of DNA, a molecule built from the four nucleotides Adenine (A), Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) and (Guanine).

Biochemists have known that human DNA (as well as the DNAs of many microbes, plants and animals) contains other bases besides the canonical adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine (ACGT).

New nucleotides — adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine — are filled into the gaps on the other side of the backbone, pairing with their counterparts (adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine) and replicating the DNA to make a copy for both the old and the new cells.

These chemicals, adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, can be thought of as the four letters of the DNA alphabet — A, T, G, C.

As an example of our current studies, we have recently found that in response to factors that promote cell motility, the Rap guanine exchange factor RAPGEF2 is rapidly phosphorylated by two kinases known as IKKβ and CK1α and consequently degraded by the proteasome via the SCFβTrCP ubiquitin ligase.

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A newly created DNA base editor contains: an atom - rearranging enzyme (red) that can change adenine into inosine (read and copied as guanine); guide RNA (green) which directs the molecule to the right spot; and Cas9 nickase (blue), which snips the opposing strand of DNA and tricks the cell into swapping the complementary base (Credit: Gaudelli et al. / Nature 2017)