Sentences with phrase «of hafnium»

The time it takes for half of any quantity of hafnium - 182 to decay into tungsten - 182 is 9 million years.

The team of researchers from MIPT's Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Nanoelectronics, with the participation of their colleagues from the University of Nebraska (USA) and the University of Lausanne (Switzerland), have for the first time experimentally demonstrated that polycrystalline alloyed films of hafnium and zirconium oxides with a thickness of just 2.5 nm (see image below) retain their ferroelectric properties.

«Since the structures of this material are compatible with silicon technology, we can expect that new non-volatile memory devices with ferroelectric polycrystalline layers of hafnium oxide will be able to be built directly onto silicon in the near future,» says the corresponding author of the study and head of the Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Nanoelectronics, Andrei Zenkevich.

Intel's demonstration consisted of a hafnium - based microprocessor capable of running three different computer operating systems.

The problem had been that the hafnium - tungsten dating technique depends not only on measuring the relevant isotopes in meteorites long ago blasted off Mars but also on knowing the relative proportion of hafnium and tungsten in the deep martian mantle.

Not exact matches

To address the problem, Braun and his Illinois colleagues coated tungsten emitters in a nanolayer of a ceramic material called hafnium dioxide.

Hafnium bombs: In an episode reminiscent of the Cold Fusion debacle, DARPA forked out $ 7 million in the 1990s for research into a bomb predicted to release huge gamma - ray bursts without creating any nuclear fallout.

For solid vessels, the highest melting point recorded is for tantalum hafnium carbide, which has a potential melting point of 4263 kelvin.

From indium touchscreens to hafnium - equipped moonships, the nether regions of the periodic table underpin modern technology — but supplies are getting scarce

Nuclear reactors utilize control rods made from elements such as cadmium, boron or hafnium, all of which are efficient neutron absorbers.

So Cola, NSF Graduate Research Fellow Erik Anderson and Research Engineer Thomas Bougher replaced the calcium with aluminum and tried a variety of oxide materials on the carbon nanotubes before settling on a bilayer material composed of alumina (Al2O3) and hafnium dioxide (HfO2).

Many researchers had gauged how long Mars took to form using the steady decay of radioactive hafnium - 182 to tungsten - 182, but the answers were all over the place.

To shrink the uncertainty, Dauphas and Pourmand went looking in a variety of non-martian meteorites for a stand - in for the hafnium - tungsten ratio that would not be altered.

Their real breakthrough, however, is discovering the use of an intermediate dielectric coating (hafnium) to block the quenching of the free electrons in the metal by the CNTs, allowing the nanotubes to function uninhibited.

The hafnium coating enables the bunching of gold nanotubes that creates a thick canopy full of sensitive spots for detection.

During their investigations, the research team came to the surprising result that has been published in the journal Geology: 2.7 billion years ago, seawater contained an unusually high abundance of the radioactive isotope Hafnium 176 but a comparably low abundance of the radioactive isotope Neodymium 143, similar to what can be observed in present day seawater.

Dr. Hoffmann: «The isotope Hafnium 176 in contrast to its counterpart Neodymium 143 was transported by means of weathering into the oceans and became part of iron - rich sediments on the sea floor 2,700 million years ago.»

A Cologne working group involving Prof. Carsten Münker and Dr. Elis Hoffmann and their student Sebastian Viehmann (working with Prof. Michael Bau from the Jacobs University Bremen) have managed for the first time to determine the isotope composition of the rare trace elements Hafnium and Neodymium in 2.7 - billion - year - old seawater by using high purity chemical sediments from Temagami Banded Iron Formation (Canada) as an archive.

The Temagami Banded Iron Formation, which was formed 2.7 billion years ago during the Neoarchean period, can be used as an archive because the isotopic composition of many chemical elements such as Hafnium and Neodymium directly mirrors the composition of Neoarchean seawater.

Hafnium - based insulators are now used in the 45 - nanometer generation of chips made by Intel, shown here below a chip from 1993.

Producing hafnium oxide transistors would require chipmakers to add multiple new steps to the manufacturing process — in part because the electrodes must be fashioned from metal, instead of from a form of silicon, to remain compatible with the hafnium.

«It's a very, very significant event,» says electrical engineer Carlton Osburn of North Carolina State University, member of a research team that studied hafnium and other advanced transistor materials.

A few years ago, DARPA, which prides itself on promoting far - out projects, proposed spending $ 30 million on a «hafnium bomb,» a type of nuclear weapon intended to release energy from atomic nuclei without either fission or fusion, using an approach similar to how energy is extracted from electrons in a laser.

Ma, who says he has worked with both the Intel and IBM research groups but is not privy to either's design, adds that the presence of silicon dioxide would require chipmakers to add nitrogen to the hafnium oxide as well.

«Scientists grow a material based on hafnium oxide for a new type of non-volatile memory.»

While hafnium oxide is already used in the production of modern silicon logic chips, a few years ago ferroelectric properties were discovered in one of its modifications.

While the environmental implications of the major industrial metals (e.g., iron and copper) have been extensively studied [3], the environmental burdens of many of the minor metals (e.g., niobium, rhenium, hafnium) are essentially unknown, even though they are increasingly employed by industry.

Tungsten contains one isotope of mass 182 that is created when an isotope of the element hafnium undergoes radioactive decay, meaning its elemental composition changes as it gives off radiation.

Because all the hafnium - 182 decayed to tungsten - 182 during the first 50 million years of Solar System history, these findings indicate that the mantle material that melted to form the flood basalt rocks that the team studied originally had more hafnium than the rest of the mantle.