Sentences with phrase «of haltere»

The alterations in transcription of dpp and tkv account for much of the reduced size of the haltere relative to the wing (2).

As a consequence, morphogen mobility is severely impaired in the posterior side of the tissue, causing the posterior of the haltere to be smaller than the anterior (5)(see the figure).

Ubx reduces the size of the haltere imaginal disc relative to that of the wing by decreasing the production and mobility of growth - promoting morphogens (for example, Dpp).

My first insight came from removing Ubx function from random clusters of haltere cells (2).

Thus I was able to ask how the expression of this single gene limits the size of the haltere.

Not exact matches

To determine how halteres work, Leif Ristroph of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, placed tiny magnetic rods on the backs of fruit flies and released them.

But while Greek Olympians had the help of stone or metal hand weights known as halteres, gibbons leap up to 10 meters without assistance.

We know that all differences between these appendages are specified by the expression of the Hox gene Ultrabithoax (Ubx) in the haltere and its absence from the wing (1).

In the haltere, the same is true of the regulator of the size regulators: Heterozygous Ubx mutant flies have enlarged halteres (1), and flies with extra copies of the Ubx locus have shrunken halteres (7).

Despite (or perhaps because of) the silencing of subsets of Ubx enhancers, Ubx protein levels remain normal in the outcrossed progeny, and their halteres develop perfectly.

Ubx converts one tkv repressor into a repressor of a second tkv repressor, thereby upregulating tkv levels in all haltere cells.

Because receptor binding impedes morphogen mobility, I examined the expression pattern of the Dpp receptor thickveins (tkv) and found it to be strongly up - regulated in the haltere compared with the wing.

The mechanism by which Ubx orchestrates these changes in the haltere is a telling example of selector gene function.

Furthermore, the pattern of Dpp pathway activation is altered between the haltere and the wing, not just quantitatively but also qualitatively (see the figure).

Drosophila has two true wings that develop from imaginal discs of 50,000 cells and two smaller balancing organs called halteres that form from imaginal discs of 10,000 cells.

I was able to show that the Dpp mobility restriction in the haltere is due in large part to transcriptional up - regulation of tkv.

Figure 5: The regulation of some genes differs between the wing (left) and haltere (right) imaginal discs of Drosophila and is under the control of the Ultrabithorax Hox gene.