The reliability of heartworm testing, which depends on the presence
of heartworm antigen or microfilariae, is affected by the relative lack of both in cats.
Given the risks of killing heartworms that are already in a cat when a preventative is used, cats should be tested for the presence
of heartworm antigens and antiboides in the blood before any preventatives are used.
Not exact matches
A
heartworm antigen test should be performed beforehand to confirm there is not an active infestation
of heartworms.
The benefit
of this test (offered by companies like Healthgene) is that it's highly accurate and can test for
heartworm in larval stages
of development (not just adult
heartworms like the
antigen blood test).
Given all this - and given that cats are more apt to throw false - negatives on anything other than an
antigen - test - he American
Heartworm Society recommends trying to wait out the 2 to 3 year lifespan
of the
heartworms.
The
heartworm antigen test is the most accurate to determine the best course
of treatment.
After any
heartworm treatment, the
antigen heartworm tests have a greater incidence
of false positive results since the test is for
antigens that are released from dead
heartworms as well as live
heartworms.
Evaluation
of a new in - clinic method for the detection
of canine
heartworm antigen.
Accompanying the article is the well - written client handout «
Heartworm Disease in Cats» that Vetstreet personnel authored and editors of Today's Veterinary Nurse reviewed.8 We wanted to also inform your readers that, in addition to the mentioned SNAP ® test (IDEXX) for feline heartworm antigen testing, other in - clinic heartworm antigen tests, including one from Zoetis, are a
Heartworm Disease in Cats» that Vetstreet personnel authored and editors
of Today's Veterinary Nurse reviewed.8 We wanted to also inform your readers that, in addition to the mentioned SNAP ® test (IDEXX) for feline
heartworm antigen testing, other in - clinic heartworm antigen tests, including one from Zoetis, are a
heartworm antigen testing, other in - clinic
heartworm antigen tests, including one from Zoetis, are a
heartworm antigen tests, including one from Zoetis, are available.
With respect to the information in the handout, we also wish to note that many veterinarians likely do not begin evaluating cats with clinical signs compatible with
heartworm disease with any in - clinic
antigen test because
of the relative insensitivity for
antigen detection in any infected cat.1 — 3 In an effort to increase the success
of confirming a suspected infection, veterinarians may instead choose to send samples to a reference laboratory for both
antigen and antibody testing, because an in - clinic combination
antigen and antibody test for identifying
heartworm - infected cats is not currently available.
For example, an infected dog within the household may be the source
of heartworm and therefore should be tested for
heartworm antigen and microfilariae.
The author also commented that «most cats with
heartworm disease are
antigen negative because
of low titers.»
A titer refers to the highest dilution
of serum at which a test is able to identify
antigen (or antibody) within that serum.5 Yet, to our knowledge, such serum dilution studies have not been performed with these
heartworm antigen tests.
Similarly, a variety
of ELISA and immunochromatography tests are available for in - clinic use to detect feline
heartworm antigen.
Just like the detection
of antigens modernized
heartworm testing 20 years ago, fecal
antigen testing is now dramatically improving veterinarians» ability to detect the most common intestinal worms found in dogs and cats.
There are a number
of different
heartworm antigen tests, so it is best to confirm using a different test than the one that gave the initial positive result.
And, finally, in any dog with a very low
heartworm burden — say, just a couple
of worms — the microfilariae may not be detected (this can also cause a false negative on the
antigen test).
It is clearly at risk
of future infections • Positive
antigen test: This cat is infected with adult
heartworms.
Like in dogs, a positive ELISA test for
heartworm antigen is a very strong indication
of infection.
The presence
of adult female
heartworms can be detected with an
antigen test which is very accurate in dogs.
Usually, both
antigen and antibody tests are conducted for cats to increase the probability
of detecting
heartworms.
The CAPC guidelines emphasize the need for year - round use
of heartworm preventives in uninfected dogs and annual
antigen testing.
The preventative won't affect
antigen test results and it can prevent the spread
of heartworm in the shelter and prevent infection in an animal, even if microfilaria (
heartworm larvae) are already present in the bloodstream.
They tested 558 samples that had tested negative for
heartworm antigen on the point -
of - care test.
PARSIPPANY, N.J. — Oct. 3, 2017 — Zoetis Inc. announced today the launch
of Witness ® FFH, a triple test that detects
antigens to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline
heartworm, as well as antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).
A blood
heartworm antigen test is the most accurate method for detecting the presence
of heartworm disease, which is transmitted by mosquitoes.
Use
of purified recombinant
heartworm antigen can increase test sensitivity for an active infection.1
Most cats with
heartworm disease are
antigen negative because
of low titers.2
A positive
antigen test confirms the presence
of heartworms.
The ELISA is a method
of analysis, and variations in
antigen preparation, antibody sources, and laboratory techniques between diagnostic labs and in - house testing kits can create variation in results.2 The death
of adult
heartworms and subsequent release
of large amounts
of antigen from decomposing fragments may produce a strong antibody response.
Unexpectedly, in contrast with these microscopical findings, serological results in this group
of dogs were always negative, using subsequently both PetChek and Wittness Dirofilaria tests for canine
heartworm antigen detection.
A blood test for the presence
of the adult
heartworm (
antigen test) is often the second step.
Unlike radiography and ultrasonography, which do not depend on the sex
of the
heartworm (s),
antigen testing is most accurate at detecting infection with 1 or more female worms that are at least 7 to 8 months old (sexually mature).
Because commonly used canine
heartworm antigen tests identify this
antigen, these tests can not be used to confirm a diagnosis
of heartworm disease during the initial disease process in cats.
Also, the
antigen is only produced by female worms, so an infection
of only male
heartworms will also give a false negative.
Heartworm antigen testing is the most reliable method
of confirming that all
of the adult
heartworms have been eliminated.
However, in stage one the disease has not yet progressed to the point where the
heartworms will have produced a new generation
of microfilariae and dog's body will not yet have produced
antigens in an amount sufficient for detection.
I did not know the life cycle
of heartworms so he was not tested again until November 2014 at which time he tested
antigen positive.
We had him tested for
heartworm but received a false negative due to the lack
of antigen at the time.
We've added more mapping, so we have maps for the different tick - borne diseases, we have them for Lyme, ehrlichia, anaplasma; we have internal parasites, hookworms, roundworms, whipworms, we just added giardia because that's such a huge problem for so many pets; we've added feline antibody and feline
antigen to the
heartworm maps; we've also added feline leukemia and feline AIDS incidence; even though they're not parasites, they're infectious diseases but could they have an effect on the incidence
of certain parasites?
WITNESS ®
Heartworm detects the presence of adult Dirofilaria immitis antigen associated with heartworm disease in dogs
Heartworm detects the presence
of adult Dirofilaria immitis
antigen associated with
heartworm disease in dogs
heartworm disease in dogs and cats.
As discussed, the combination
of heartworm antibody and
antigen tests can help to make a diagnosis
of HARD in a cat with the appropriate history and clinical signs.
The test in dogs detects the presence
of heartworm proteins (
antigens).
Because the
antigen detected is produced only by the female worm, a pure population
of male
heartworms will also give a false negative.
2 2 Current Canine Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management
of Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) Infection in Dogs (revised January, 2012) perform well without refrigeration using an
antigen - specific antibody labeled with colloidal gold.
«A diagnosis
of feline
heartworm infection is confirmed when both the antibody and
antigen tests are positive.»
«A reliable, affordable, fast - acting
heartworm antigen test is an important tool for our clinic,» said Christopher Alvey, BS, DVM,
of Bridge Mill Animal Hospital in Canton, Ga. «When clients can receive the results
of their pets» test while still in our clinic, it makes it easier for us to dispense a
heartworm preventative or to begin treatment for affected animals.
Screening for
heartworm cats should include the use
of both an
antigen and antibody test since the antibody test detects exposure to
heartworm larvae.