During the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum in Baltimore on June 1, the AHS announced the «2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Heartworm Infection in Dogs,» and the «2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention and Management
of Heartworm Infection in Cats.»
Symptoms of Heartworm Infection: According to the AHS, symptoms
of Heartworm infection in cats and dogs range from subtle to dramatic signs.
Prevention
of heartworm infection in cats is critical since the Heartworm Society reports there is no treatment that prolongs survival of cats diagnosed with adult heartworms.
The American Heartworm Society (AHS) has announced the «2007 Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention and Management
of Heartworm Infection in Cats» are now available at www.heartwormsociety.org.
Cases
of heartworm infection in cats, although comparatively more rare, are more difficult to deal with.
Currently, there are no products in the United States approved for the treatment
of heartworm infection in cats.
Current feline guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and management
of heartworm infection in cats.
Signs
of heartworm infection in cats can be confused with signs of many other diseases, including feline asthma.
Establishing a definitive diagnosis
of heartworm infection in a cat can be quite a challenge.
Heartworm larvae can trigger a severe immune reaction called heartworm associated respiratory disease (HARD); this syndrome occurs in an estimated 50 %
of heartworm infections in cats.
Not exact matches
Other potential causes
of heart disease
in cats include injuries and
infections with parasites such as feline
heartworms.
Advantage Multiâ «cents for
Cats (10 % imidacloprid / l % moxidectin) is a once - a-month topical solution for the prevention of heartworm disease, kills adult fleas, and is indicated for the treatment of flea infestations, as well as the treatment and control of ear mite infestations and intestinal parasite infections in cats and kittens that are nine weeks of age and older and that weigh at least two pou
Cats (10 % imidacloprid / l % moxidectin) is a once - a-month topical solution for the prevention
of heartworm disease, kills adult fleas, and is indicated for the treatment
of flea infestations, as well as the treatment and control
of ear mite infestations and intestinal parasite
infections in cats and kittens that are nine weeks of age and older and that weigh at least two pou
cats and kittens that are nine weeks
of age and older and that weigh at least two pounds.
With respect to the information
in the handout, we also wish to note that many veterinarians likely do not begin evaluating cats with clinical signs compatible with heartworm disease with any in - clinic antigen test because of the relative insensitivity for antigen detection in any infected cat.1 — 3 In an effort to increase the success of confirming a suspected infection, veterinarians may instead choose to send samples to a reference laboratory for both antigen and antibody testing, because an in - clinic combination antigen and antibody test for identifying heartworm - infected cats is not currently availabl
in the handout, we also wish to note that many veterinarians likely do not begin evaluating
cats with clinical signs compatible with
heartworm disease with any
in - clinic antigen test because of the relative insensitivity for antigen detection in any infected cat.1 — 3 In an effort to increase the success of confirming a suspected infection, veterinarians may instead choose to send samples to a reference laboratory for both antigen and antibody testing, because an in - clinic combination antigen and antibody test for identifying heartworm - infected cats is not currently availabl
in - clinic antigen test because
of the relative insensitivity for antigen detection
in any infected cat.1 — 3 In an effort to increase the success of confirming a suspected infection, veterinarians may instead choose to send samples to a reference laboratory for both antigen and antibody testing, because an in - clinic combination antigen and antibody test for identifying heartworm - infected cats is not currently availabl
in any infected
cat.1 — 3
In an effort to increase the success of confirming a suspected infection, veterinarians may instead choose to send samples to a reference laboratory for both antigen and antibody testing, because an in - clinic combination antigen and antibody test for identifying heartworm - infected cats is not currently availabl
In an effort to increase the success
of confirming a suspected
infection, veterinarians may instead choose to send samples to a reference laboratory for both antigen and antibody testing, because an
in - clinic combination antigen and antibody test for identifying heartworm - infected cats is not currently availabl
in - clinic combination antigen and antibody test for identifying
heartworm - infected
cats is not currently available.
The unique characteristics
of heartworms in the feline host help explain the differences
in disease progression that
cats undergo after
infection.
Less common signs
of heartworm infection include vomiting, neurologic signs, collapse and sudden death.9 Many
cats are able to overcome this phase
of the disease process — and
in some cases completely clear the
heartworm infection — but not without damaging the small blood vessels
in the lungs during the process.6, 7
Clinical evolution and radiographic findings
of feline
heartworm infection in asymptomatic
cats.
Feline
heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis)
infection: a statistical elaboration
of the duration
of the
infection and life expectancy
in asymptomatic
cats.
For all
of these reasons, screening all
cats for
heartworm infection is generally not a good use
of resources
in any environment, but particularly so
in shelters.
In experimental infections of heartworm larvae in cats, the percentage of worms developing into the adult stage is low (0 % to 25 %) compared to dogs (40 % to 90 %
In experimental
infections of heartworm larvae
in cats, the percentage of worms developing into the adult stage is low (0 % to 25 %) compared to dogs (40 % to 90 %
in cats, the percentage
of worms developing into the adult stage is low (0 % to 25 %) compared to dogs (40 % to 90 %).
The true rate
of feline
heartworm infection is hard to pinpoint due to difficulties
in diagnosis; however, most studies suggest that
cats are infected at somewhere between 5 and 15 %
of the rate
of dog
infections in the same geographic area.6
There is no scientific evidence that any treatment intended to kill adult
heartworms in dogs will safely do so
in cats and increase their
infection survival rate.6 Administration
of melarsomine, the compound labeled for treatment
of adult
heartworms in dogs, is not as effective
in cats and its administration is frequently fatal.7, 8 For these reasons, «treatment»
of feline
heartworm disease focuses on controlling clinical signs related to the disease process.
In one scientific study, 28 %
of cats diagnosed with
heartworm disease had no clinical signs
of infection.9
For this reason, pursuit
of a diagnosis is probably best limited to those
cats who are exhibiting clinical signs that may be attributed to
heartworm disease and / or for whom knowledge
of their
infection status will result
in a significant change
in their disposition pathway.
About
Heartworm Disease in Cats The incidence of heartworm disease in cats closely correlates with the infection rate in dogs, but in cats the disease is often a result of immature worms that never becom
Heartworm Disease
in Cats The incidence of heartworm disease in cats closely correlates with the infection rate in dogs, but in cats the disease is often a result of immature worms that never become adu
Cats The incidence
of heartworm disease in cats closely correlates with the infection rate in dogs, but in cats the disease is often a result of immature worms that never becom
heartworm disease
in cats closely correlates with the infection rate in dogs, but in cats the disease is often a result of immature worms that never become adu
cats closely correlates with the
infection rate
in dogs, but
in cats the disease is often a result of immature worms that never become adu
cats the disease is often a result
of immature worms that never become adults.
It gives a definitive diagnosis
of adult
heartworm infection in cats.
About the Study A controlled, masked research study was conducted to define the initial inflammatory response and lung damage associated with the death
of precordia stages
of D. immitis
in cats as compared to adult
heartworm infections in normal
cats.
FLORHAM PARK, N.J., November 13, 2014 — New research published
in the Journal
of Veterinary Parasitology shows that administering the monthly
heartworm prevention REVOLUTION ® (selamectin) prior to
heartworm infection (i.e., mosquito season) prevented
heartworm - associated lung damage
in cats.
A
cat or dog with recent or mild
heartworm infections may show no signs
of illness; however, once the adult worms have developed
in the heart common symptoms can include fatigue, chronic coughing, vomiting, and weight loss.
A syndrome related to this inflammatory reaction has been identified
in cats:
heartworm - associated respiratory disease, which can occur three to four months after the initial
infection, and is caused by the presence
of the L5 larvae
in the vessels.
The lifespan
of heartworms is considerably shorter
in cats, only two to three years, and most
infections in cats do not have circulating microfilariae.
In some cases, a
cat may survive a
heartworm infection for an extended period
of time before succumbing to another feline disorder.
Cat owners should probably also be aware
of them, as well, since
heartworm infections are less common
in cats but often more deadly.
There are a variety
of options for preventing
heartworm infection in both dogs and
cats, including daily and monthly tablets and chewables, monthly topicals and a six - month injectable product available only for dogs.
Veterinarians should consider testing for
heartworm infection in cats because clinical signs can be confused with those
of many other diseases, including feline asthma.
Even if
heartworm infection is diagnosed
in cats, there are no known treatments that will kill the worms without high risk
of killing the
cat as well.
Heartworm infection, initially thought to be rare
in cats, can wreak havoc
in the heart chambers and lungs
of affected
cats.
Clinical signs and, possibly, thoracic radiographic findings are similar
in cats with abbreviated
heartworm infections and those with other causes
of bronchial disease, such as feline asthma.
In dogs, adult worms can live in the heart and lungs for more than 5 years, but in cats, the typical lifespan is less than 2 years.2 The release of new heartworm debris into the bloodstream initiates a second inflammatory response, also primarily localized in the lungs.4 Lesions in the second phase of infection are associated with dead worm fragments as the immune system removes them from the bod
In dogs, adult worms can live
in the heart and lungs for more than 5 years, but in cats, the typical lifespan is less than 2 years.2 The release of new heartworm debris into the bloodstream initiates a second inflammatory response, also primarily localized in the lungs.4 Lesions in the second phase of infection are associated with dead worm fragments as the immune system removes them from the bod
in the heart and lungs for more than 5 years, but
in cats, the typical lifespan is less than 2 years.2 The release of new heartworm debris into the bloodstream initiates a second inflammatory response, also primarily localized in the lungs.4 Lesions in the second phase of infection are associated with dead worm fragments as the immune system removes them from the bod
in cats, the typical lifespan is less than 2 years.2 The release
of new
heartworm debris into the bloodstream initiates a second inflammatory response, also primarily localized
in the lungs.4 Lesions in the second phase of infection are associated with dead worm fragments as the immune system removes them from the bod
in the lungs.4 Lesions
in the second phase of infection are associated with dead worm fragments as the immune system removes them from the bod
in the second phase
of infection are associated with dead worm fragments as the immune system removes them from the body.
According to Dr. Allan Paul, a veterinary parasitologist at the University
of Illinois College
of Veterinary Medicine
in Urbana, «
Cats are susceptible to heartworm disease, but are more resistant to infection than dogs are, and cats have a lower prevalence of heartworm disease.&ra
Cats are susceptible to
heartworm disease, but are more resistant to
infection than dogs are, and
cats have a lower prevalence of heartworm disease.&ra
cats have a lower prevalence
of heartworm disease.»
While only 5 percent
of cats are on
heartworm preventive, the American Heartworm Society reports rates of diagnosed heartworm infections in cats are on the... L
heartworm preventive, the American
Heartworm Society reports rates of diagnosed heartworm infections in cats are on the... L
Heartworm Society reports rates
of diagnosed
heartworm infections in cats are on the... L
heartworm infections in cats are on the... Learn More
We also know that areas can have
heartworm infection in wild species such as coyotes, and these infected wild animals can be a source
of infection to your dog or
cat as well.
Cats Heartworm infection in cats is a more elusive diagnosis, requiring use of heartworm serology, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for clinical diagno
Cats Heartworm infection in cats is a more elusive diagnosis, requiring use of heartworm serology, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for clinical d
Heartworm infection in cats is a more elusive diagnosis, requiring use of heartworm serology, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for clinical diagno
cats is a more elusive diagnosis, requiring use
of heartworm serology, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for clinical d
heartworm serology, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography for clinical diagnosis.
General Description: Ivermectin + pyrantel pamoate is a combination
of 2 anti-parasitic drugs used monthly
in dogs and
cats to prevent
heartworm infection and for the treatment and control
of...
General Description: Ivermectin + pyrantel pamoate is a combination
of 2 anti-parasitic drugs used monthly
in dogs and
cats to prevent
heartworm infection and for the treatment and control
of roundworms and hookworms.
For
heartworm prevention
in dogs and
cats For treatment and control
of adult and immature hookworm
infections in cats For treatment
of some types
of mange Topical solution is used to treat ear mites What dogs /
cats should not take this medication?
While the AG test, which detects the presence
of adult female
heartworms, is indispensable when feline
heartworm infection (HWI) is suspected, it is minimally useful
in screening for adult HWI
in cats.
To prevent
heartworm disease and roundworm, hookworm and whipworm
infections in dogs To prevent
heartworm disease and roundworm and hookworm
infections in cats To treat certain types
of mange What dogs /
cats should not take this medication?
Kramer L, Genchi C. (2002) Feline
heartworm infection: serological survey
of asymptomatic
cats living
in northern Italy.
Even if
heartworm infection is diagnosed
in cats before they die, no known treatments can kill the worms without also posing a great risk
of killing the
cat that hosts them.
Over the next ten years, I diagnosed 39 cases
of feline
heartworm infection, including ten
infections in strictly indoor
cats.