The number
of heatwaves observed in 2011 and 2012 were triple the long - term average, and require planning for economic, health and environmental tolls.
Not exact matches
Each workshop had a different theme related to climate extremes, had approximately 30 attendees (the CMIP5 meeting had more than 100), and the workshops resulted in a paper.11 The first workshop was held in July 2011, titled Monitoring Changes in Extreme Storm Statistics: State
of Knowledge.12 The second was held in November 2011, titled Forum on Trends and Causes
of Observed Changes in
Heatwaves, Coldwaves, Floods, and Drought.13 The third was held in January 2012, titled Forum on Trends in Extreme Winds, Waves, and Extratropical Storms along the Coasts.14 The fourth, the CMIP5 results workshop, was held in March 2012 in Hawai`i, and resulted in an analysis
of CMIP5 results relative to climate extremes in the United States.11
Heatwaves occasionally crop up, thanks to plumes
of hot air from northern Africa via southerly winds, and temperatures as high as 35 °C are
observed on rare occasions.
«Climate change projections suggest that European summer
heatwaves will become more frequent and severe during this century, consistent with the
observed trends
of past decades.»
Visible changes in hydrological cycle have been
observed in the form
of changing precipitation patterns, cropping patterns, droughts, water availability periods, frequency and intensity
of heatwaves, precipitation events and weather - induced natural disasters.
My own guesstimate starts with events that have either been formally attributed (in a probabilistic way) to climate change — an example is the 2003 European
heatwave — or which have a demonstrable link to physical processes consistent with a climate influence — examples include Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, both
of which were
observed to rapidly intensify over unusually warm waters.
Soil Desiccation - as a result
of rising global areas under extreme drought and
heatwave, was first
observed in the 1990s.
Based on temperature records from 1864 to 2002, the odds
of such a
heatwave occurring are about 1 in 10 million.4 An event like the 2003
heatwave becomes much more likely after factoring in the
observed warming
of 2 °F over Europe and increased weather variability.5 In addition, comparing computer models
of climate with and without human contribution shows that human influence has roughly quadrupled the odds
of a European summer as hot as or hotter than the summer
of 2003.6
Each workshop had a different theme related to climate extremes, had approximately 30 attendees (the CMIP5 meeting had more than 100), and the workshops resulted in a paper.14 The first workshop was held in July 2011, titled Monitoring Changes in Extreme Storm Statistics: State
of Knowledge.15 The second was held in November 2011, titled Forum on Trends and Causes
of Observed Changes in
Heatwaves, Coldwaves, Floods, and Drought.16 The third was held in January 2012, titled Forum on Trends in Extreme Winds, Waves, and Extratropical Storms along the Coasts.17 The fourth, the CMIP5 results workshop, was held in March 2012 in Hawai`i, and resulted in an analysis
of CMIP5 results relative to climate extremes in the United States.14
That was the reaction from scientist after scientist to a new report by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), which documented record - breaking droughts,
heatwaves, rainfall, melting
of sea ice and a host
of tangible signs
observed in 2016 that the Earth's climate has changed.
Other parts
of the world suffered severe flooding, extreme
heatwaves and droughts in 2008, while Arctic sea ice was once more
observed to decline markedly, reaching during September its second - lowest historic extent.