Sentences with phrase «of high energy electrons»

This new dissociative δ - mode is characterized by a high dissociation degree of gas molecules (actually up to 100 % in NF3 and up to 70 % in SiH4), higher resistivity and a large discharge current.At rather high rf voltage when a sufficiently large number of high energy electrons appear in the discharge, an intense dissociation of gas molecules via electron impact begins, and the discharge experiences a transition to the dissociative δ - mode.

«The people who set off the nuclear explosion were totally surprised by the huge number of high energy electrons that were released,» Brown says.

Not exact matches

Coupling of laser energy into hot - electrons in high - contrast relativistic laser - plasma interactions

Each hydrogen atom, made up of just a single proton and electron, can be found in two slightly different states: a higher energy state in which the electron and proton essentially spin in the same direction, and a lower energy state in which they spin in opposite directions.

Magnetic fields make the higher energy levels split into two new levels, so electrons dive from two different platforms and emit different particles of light.

Two pulsars, Geminga and Monogem, are seen in this image in gamma rays, high - energy radiation produced when positrons and electrons collide with particles of light.

If high - energy particles from deep space, called cosmic rays, happened to hit one of those hydrogen atoms, it became ionized, stripped of its electron.

A beam of electrons was first observed to be accelerated with a «gradient» — or energy transfer rate — of 300 MV / m, which is very high for present - day accelerators, in a device rather like a microchip.

Following an upgrade of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, the CEBAF accelerator delivered the highest - energy electron beams it has ever produced into a target in an experimental hall, recording the first data of the 12 Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, the CEBAF accelerator delivered the highest - energy electron beams it has ever produced into a target in an experimental hall, recording the first data of the 12 electron beams it has ever produced into a target in an experimental hall, recording the first data of the 12 GeV era.

«At the highest temperatures, the electron temperature is much higher than that of acoustic vibrational modes of the graphene lattice, so that less energy is needed to attain temperatures needed for visible light emission,» Myung - Ho Bae, a senior researcher at KRISS and co-lead author, observes.

The new method uses a scanning transmission electron microscope to bombard a film with a beam of high - energy particles.

China is joining the elite club of countries that have equipped researchers with the potent sources of high - energy photons called free electron lasers (FELs).

Ideally, the electron gains so much energy in the laser field that upon impact with the atom, a much shorter flash of light with very high energy is emitted — an attosecond laser pulse, with a frequency in the ultraviolet - or x-ray regime.

These high - energy collisions should produce electrons and positrons, which may be the source of the positron abundance turned up by PAMELA.

They exploit the fact that an atom of caesium, or some other element, emits visible light or microwaves when one of its electrons drops from a high energy state to a lower one.

Instead of relying on light waves emitted by electrons, it would use radiation emitted when the nucleus is excited to a high energy state, and then drops into a lower energy state.

According to quantum mechanics, an atom can only absorb a photon of particular energies and colors as the electron within the atom hops from a lower energy state to a higher energy state.

DAMPE's data could help to determine whether a surprising pattern in the abundance of high - energy electrons and positrons — detected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station — comes from dark matter or from astronomical sources such as pulsars, says Pohl, who also works on the AMS.

The sun's core should produce electron neutrinos in a range of energies, but detectors see fewer high - energy ones than predicted.

The team inferred the presence of high - energy electrons using IRIS high - resolution ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopic observations of those footpoint brightenings.

High - energy protons and electrons come screaming out of the reconnection site, flow along the loop, and crash into the denser plasma at the sun's surface.

SLAC's instrument benefits from a high - energy, ultrabright electron source originally developed for the lab's femtosecond X-ray laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

The high - energy X-rays knocked 54 of the 62 electrons out of the molecule, creating a molecule carrying a positive charge 54 times the elementary charge.

Quantum laws also say that the frequency of light required to make an electron «flip» into the higher energy state — that is, become aligned magnetically with another electron — is proportional to the energy difference between the states.

Like a boulder perched at the top of a hill, with a bit of a nudge, the electron tumbles from higher energy states to lower, releasing energy along the way.

Low - energy X-rays (red) in the image show expanding debris from the supernova explosion and high energy X-rays (blue) show the blast wave, a shell of extremely energetic electrons.

Yet no known mechanisms would produce electrons with such high energies, says Stefan Funk of the Fermi team.

Magnetic monopoles might be produced there as protons slam together at record - high energies of 13 trillion electron volts.

When high - energy ultraviolet light from the central star strikes a clump of dust and ice grains, it drives electrons off the particles.

By using this high - power laser, it is now possible to generate all of the high - energy quantum beams (electrons, ions, gamma ray, neutron, positron).

It is able to look for even higher - energy electrons and positrons, numbers of which should suddenly drop off if they are caused by dark matter annihilations, but not if caused by pulsars.

Electrons within atoms absorb light of a specific wavelength by jumping from one energy level to a higher one.

With the proper band gap, negatively charged electrons falling from the higher to lower state can provide enough energy needed to split the hydrogen out of the water.

This plasma of high - energy electron particles then release a controlled beam of ultra-energized photons, the gamma rays.

Other priorities include: upgrading the LHC, which shut down in February for two years to boost its energies from 7 TeV to 14 TeV; plans to build an International Linear Collider in Japan, to collide beams of electrons and positrons as a complement to the LHC's proton findings; and a major US project to exploit high - intensity neutrino beams generated at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois.

Inside the giant doughnut - shaped building that houses the synchrotron, a high energy electron beam runs at close to the speed of light in a storage ring 844 metres in circumference, shielded by thick concrete walls.

When a molecule absorbs a photon — the fundamental particle of light — electrons in the molecular system are promoted from a low - energy (ground) state to a higher - energy (excited) state.

They then exposed the evolving quantum system to a third laser beam to try and excite the atoms into what is known as a Rydberg state — a state in which one of an atom's electrons is excited to a very high energy compared with the rest of the atom's electrons.

This calculation method enabled us to more accurately perform theoretical prediction of IMFP compared to the experimental value, which was obtained by applying spectrometry (extended X ‐ ray absorption fine structure spectrometry) to low - speed electrons of Copper and molybdenum at the high - brilliant synchrotron radiation facility, and to explain the relationship between energy measurement and the types of materials.

Dawson is an expert on the interactions of lasers with plasma, the high - energy state of matter in which electrons are no longer bound in atoms, but move around independently of the positive ions they leave behind.

The chorus does the opposite of the hiss, producing dangerous high - energy electrons.

The hiss occurs throughout the plasmasphere (the zone thousands of miles above the earth that teems with ionized gases), removing the plasmasphere's high - energy electrons and tempering their lethal power.

Another hypothesis holds that the liberated energy is transferred to the electrons of the surface molecules, raising them to a higher energy level or exciting them.

When energy is added to the material, either by a laser «pump» or as an electrical current, it kicks some of the electrons orbiting the molecules into higher energy states.

«This is similar to x-ray diffraction, but by using electrons we get a much larger signal, and the high energy of the probe electrons gives us better access to measuring the precise motion of atoms,» Zhu said.

But Alex Dessler, a space physicist at the University of Arizona, Tucson, says the same area of the planet also produces unusual radio signals, flares of ultraviolet light, and high levels of infrared radiation and even seems to be correlated with a patch in Jupiter's magnetosphere that pumps out high - energy electrons.

This ability to switch conductivity is possible because some of their electrons can move from lower - energy insulating states to higher - energy conducting states when subjected to an input of energy.

Imaging atomic - scale electron - lattice interactions: A laser pulse (red beam coming from right) gives electrons in a manganese oxide a «kick» of energy while a high - energy electron beam (blue) probes the atomic structure.

«Organic - conjugated polymers are emerging as a materials class for energy - related applications, enabling a path to a more sustainable energy landscape without the need of energy - intensive, expensive and sometimes toxic metal - based compounds,» the researchers wrote, concluding that «a model polymer, P (NDI2OD - T2), was stably and reversibly n - doped to a high doping level of 2.0, a significant progress for electron - transporting π - conjugated polymers.

In a crystal, thin film or even some liquids, an incoming particle of light can slam into an electron, bumping it to a higher energy level and leaving a hole at the energy level where the particle had been.