Sentences with phrase «of high latitude oceans»

This is largely because melting sea ice changes the albedo of high latitude oceans, and to a lesser extent because an inversion prevails at high latitudes, especially in winter, whereas at low latitudes the heating is convectively mixed througout the troposphere.

(Note vast areas of the high latitude oceans were covered by ice, during the coldest period and could hence no longer absorb carbon dioxide.)

Further suggestions that D / O events in Greenland are generated by shifts in the North Atlantic ocean circulation seem highly implausible, given the weak contribution of the high latitude ocean to the meridional flux of heat.

Not exact matches

Since the region is at a high latitude, moisture from the nearby Pacific Ocean can accumulate into some of the world's most powerful glaciers.

Worldwide, particularly in deeply buried permafrost and in high - latitude ocean sediments where pressures are high and temperatures are below freezing, icy deposits called hydrates hold immense amounts of methane (SN: 6/25/05, p. 410).

Mean MHW duration between the 1982 — 1998 and 2000 — 2016 periods increased across 84 % of the global ocean, with significant increases of up to 20 days in the mid - and high - latitude regions of all ocean basis, up to 30 + days in the central tropical Pacific Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and decreases in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean (Fig.ocean, with significant increases of up to 20 days in the mid - and high - latitude regions of all ocean basis, up to 30 + days in the central tropical Pacific Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and decreases in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean (Fig.ocean basis, up to 30 + days in the central tropical Pacific Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and decreases in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean (Fig.Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, and decreases in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean (Fig.Ocean, and decreases in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean (Fig.Ocean and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean (Fig.Ocean (Fig. 1h).

The largest increase occurred in the high - latitude North Atlantic Ocean (north of 50 ° N; an increase of 2 — 6 annual events).

Since publication the ocean data has come around in support of this higher tropical latitude temperature change.

Collectively, these observations can be used to project trends of ocean acidification in higher latitude marine surface waters where inorganic carbon chemistry is largely influenced by sea ice meltwater.

Elsewhere in the oceans, the environmental changes during the PETM led to shifts in the distribution of plankton groups, with tropical species invading the high latitudes and high - latitude species dwindling in abundance.

Here's a quote: «Given the projected 21st century rise in greenhouse gas concentrations and increased fresh water input to the high latitude ocean, we can not rule out a significant slowing of the Atlantic conveyor in the next 100 years.

Gridding sparse ocean observations onto a very high (in this case, 1 - by - 1 degree latitude x longitude) resolution is prone to producing some apparent structures that are simply artifacts of mathematical interpolation, even when isopycnal methods are utilised (this is common for gridding of data).

That first linkage will be the start of a quickly expanding Greenland Sea, where the ice dynamics will closely resemble those of the current Arctic Ocean — except that it will be at a lower latitude and higher temperatures.

Since publication the ocean data has come around in support of this higher tropical latitude temperature change.

The fact that there are features in the North Pacific of the same polarity as those in the high latitude North Atlantic raises the possibility that the abrupt NH cooling from 1968 to 1972 might be merely the result of a fortuitous superposition of largely independent cooling events in the two oceans.

Sensitivity studies were made to improve the simulation of high latitude temperature and hydrology and thus the thermohaline circulation, an important aspect of the ocean's role in climate.

In the first major study to examine the effects of climate change on ocean fisheries, a team of researchers from UBC and Princeton University discovered that catch potential will fall 40 percent in the tropics and may increase 30 to 70 percent in high latitude regions, affecting ocean food supply throughout the world by 2055.

In addition to direct MYI melt due to high - latitude warming, the impact of enhanced upper - ocean solar heating through numerous leads in decaying Arctic ice cover and consequent ice bottom melting has resulted in an accelerated rate of sea - ice retreat via a positive ice - albedo feedback mechanism.

Stronger vertical mixing invigorates the MOC [Meridonal Overturning Circulation] by an order of magnitude, increases ocean heat transport by 50 — 100 %, reduces the zonal mean equator - to - pole temperature gradients by up to 6 °C, lowers tropical peak terrestrial temperatures by up to 6 °C, and warms high - latitude oceans by up to 10 °C.»

This means the inertia of earth has decreased due the massive snows that we have had during the past decade and more which moved water from the low latitude oceans to ice on high latitudes.

The result is cooling oceans able to gradually absorb and lower atmospheric CO2, enabling restoration of albedo at higher latitude / altitude, producing further slow global cooling.

The ocean heat uptake comes into play only when one is trying to explain why the structure of the warming in models changes in time — that is, why the high latitude warming is delayed.

For a couple years I have been pointing out (along with Judith Curry and others) that the latest fad — which puts a lot of warming in recent data — is to extend high - latitude land weather station data far out over the Arctic Ocean.

Many of the processes governing the role of salinity in the modulation of upper - ocean mixing in both tropical and high - latitude regions are neither well understood nor adequately represented in climate models.

For falsification we would need to observe events such as the mid latitude jets moving poleward during a cooling oceanic phase and a period of quiet sun or the ITCZ moving northward whilst the two jets moved equatorward or the stratosphere, troposphere and upper atmosphere all warming or cooling in tandem or perhaps an unusually negative Arctic Oscillation throughout a period of high solar activity and a warming ocean phase.

When a climate model uses only the upper 50 to 100 meters as the total ocean battery, I believe that is mathurbation, since the charge time of the whole battery is roughly 1700 years plus or minus a millennium or two depending on high latitude mixing.

It has a moderately high resolution, with a grid of 3.6 ° longitude by 1.8 ° latitude (ten thousand squares in all), and 19 vertical layers in the ocean.

Victor argues that policymakers should instead focus on a suite of «vital signs» that are more tightly linked to carbon emissions, including atmospheric carbon - dioxide concentrations, ocean heat content, and high - latitude temperature changes.

He says: «The impacts on the Arctic ocean and land systems are transformational, creating huge problems for the circum - Arctic peoples who, on the basis of their traditional knowledge, confirm that the high latitude climate system has already shifted well outside the bounds they have previously experienced.

Ice albedo feedback change is mainly limited to high latitude NH * land * during deglaciation, and its effects — though strong — are limited compared to those of a radiative forcing over the global ocean.

The US CLIVAR PSMI Panel seeks new panelists with prior expertise in field / process studies or model development in one or more of the following areas: (a) clouds, (b) high - frequency ocean - atmosphere interaction (diurnal to sub-seasonal), (c) coastal ocean processes, (d) high - latitude processes (i.e., Arctic, Antarctic, ocean - ice interactions), or (e) ocean biogeochemical cycles / ecosystem interactions.

When SST anomalies are positive in the tropical eastern Pacific, they are negative to the west and over the central North and South Pacific, and positive over the tropical Indian Ocean and northeastern portions of the high latitude Pacific Ocean.

Sequestration of organic carbon in the deep sea by stimulating spring phytoplankton production in high - latitude oceans;

(3 - b) Compartment models leading to a set of linear equations (familiar in electrical networks) are said to describe the slow migration of the molecules toward the bottom of the oceans, sometimes with a high latitude ocean, an inter-tropical ocean and a deep ocean.

Figure 15 - A has shown the global pacing by the El Niños (and their tele - connections) of the temperature changes of the lower troposphere as function of both time and latitude; this pacing may be due to the coming to the surface, at high latitudes, of warm water from the Pacific warm pool, as they move to higher latitudes on the western rim of the oceans after an El Niño.

«As a result, the loss of glacier mass worldwide, along with the corresponding release of carbon, will affect high latitude marine ecosystems, particularly those surrounding the major ice sheets that now receive fairly limited land - to - ocean fluxes of carbon.»

Further exploration of high - latitude ridges is critical for a full understanding of the global biogeography of vent ecosystems, given the potential role of the Southern Ocean as a gateway or a barrier between the major ocean ridges and back - arc baOcean as a gateway or a barrier between the major ocean ridges and back - arc baocean ridges and back - arc basins.

The simulations show Pacific deep - ocean and high - latitude surface warming of ∼ 10 °C but little change in the tropical thermocline structure, atmosphere - ocean dynamics, and ENSO, in agreement with proxies.

At many low - latitude ocean islands and coastal sites distant from the effects of glaciation, sea level stood several meters higher than present during the mid-Holocene and has been falling ever since.

Globally, marine fisheries production is expected to remain about the same; high - latitude freshwater and aquaculture production are likely to increase, assuming that natural climate variability and the structure and strength of ocean currents remain about the same.

Interest in high - latitude methane and carbon cycles is motivated by the existence of very large stores of carbon (C), in potentially labile reservoirs of soil organic carbon in permafrost (frozen) soils and in methane - containing ices called methane hydrate or clathrate, especially offshore in ocean marginal sediments.

When a large surge of polar air moves equatorward it draws a pulse of energy from the oceans in the lower latitudes and pumps it into the stratosphere where most of that energy is pushed out to space but a portion is not pushed out and descends again thus strengthening the high pressure systems on the poleward side of the mid latitude jets.

For true falsification we would need to observe events such as the mid latitude jets moving poleward during a cooling oceanic phase and a period of quiet sun or the ITCZ moving northward whilst the two jets moved equatorward or the stratosphere, troposphere and upper atmosphere all warming or cooling in tandem or perhaps an unusually powerful Arctic Oscillation throughout a period of high solar turbulence and a warming ocean phase.

Given that, if one wants freedom of choice and an efficient market, shouldn't one accept a market solution (tax / credit or analogous system based on public costs, applied strategically to minimize paperwork (don't tax residential utility bills — apply upstream instead), applied approximately fairly to both be fair and encourage an efficient market response (don't ignore any significant category, put all sources of the same emission on equal footing; if cap / trade, allow some exchange between CO2 and CH4, etc, based CO2 (eq); include ocean acidification, etc.), allowing some approximation to that standard so as to not get very high costs in dealing with small details and also to address the biggest, most - well understood effects and sources first (put off dealing with the costs and benifits of sulphate aerosols, etc, until later if necessary — but get at high - latitude black carbon right away)?

Raper et al. (2001b) show that an additional ocean - feedback is possibly associated with the warming and freshening of the high latitude surface waters that enhances this relationship.

c Location of proxies from H = high - latitude land, M = mid-latitude land, L = low - latitude land, O = oceans is indicated by □ (none or very few), ◢ (limited coverage) or ■ (moderate or good coverage).

Research has shown that ocean acidification and climate warming can independently affect many marine organisms in a variety of marine habitats from tropical to high - latitude ecosystems [9,10].

The US CLIVAR High Latitude Surface Flux Working Group was formed in January 2008, with the particular goal of addressing some of the challenges associated with air - sea and air - ice - ocean exchanges in Arctic, Antarctic, and Southern Ocean regocean exchanges in Arctic, Antarctic, and Southern Ocean regOcean regions.

Atmospheric circulation patterns interpreted for an early Silurian summer in the Northern Hemisphere indicate high pressure over the polar ocean with a zone of low pressure around 60 ° N latitude.

In this paper, it is shown that coherent large - scale low - frequency variabilities in the North Atlantic Ocean — that is, the variations of thermohaline circulation, deep western boundary current, northern recirculation gyre, and Gulf Stream path — are associated with high - latitude oceanic Great Salinity Anomaly events.