Finally, there is no good reason to widen the range, even though some studies have pointed to the possibility
of higher climate sensitivity — but as we have discussed here, they did not provide positive evidence for a higher climate sensitivity, they merely showed that the data constraints used were weak.
Given the number of ways that things can go wrong with continued CO2 emissions (from ocean acidfication and sea level rise to simple warming, shifting precipitation patterns, release of buried carbon in perma - frost, and the possibility
of higher climate sensitivities — which seem to be needed to account for glacial / inter-glacial transitions), crossing our fingers and carrying on with BAU seems nothing short of crazy to me.
The political «solution» is: Unsupported claims of large aerosol increases which allows the fiction
of the a high climate sensitivity to be maintained, leading to alarming and false predictions of catastropic future warming.
Which forms the basis for the IPCC claim
of high climate sensitivity (mean value of 3.2 C), resulting in significant global warming (up to 6.4 C warming by 2100), «extreme high sea levels», increased «heat waves», increased «heavy rains» and floods, increased «droughts», increased «intense tropical cyclones» — which, in turn, lead to crop failures, disappearance of glaciers now supplying drinking water to millions, increased vector borne diseases, etc. (for short, potentially catastrophic AGW — or «CAGW»).
The very long tail of that distribution reflects partly poor data constraints and partly the use of a uniform prior for climate sensitivity, which biases upwards the reported probability
of high climate sensitivities.
Because of the assumption
of high climate sensitivity.
Yet you continue to say that orbital forcing causing glacial / interglacial transitions is proof
of high climate sensitivity.
More relevant to the risk
of high climate sensitivity, the 5 — 95 % confidence interval for FG - 2006 is 1.1 — 3.3 C.
This noble enterprise has resulted in fame, a Nobel Prize, moral and political power, and funding to scientists and science departments worldwide whose work supports the thesis
of high climate sensitivity and likely castastrophic global catastrophic global warming.
Zhai, C., J. H. Jiang, and H. Su, 2015: Long - term cloud change imprinted in seasonal cloud variation: More evidence
of high climate sensitivity.
Basically, the comments state that neither numbers 1 or 2 above are arguments any climate scientists are using and, further, just to demonstrate what a silly straw - man - erector I am, they were never used as proof
of high climate sensitivity to CO2.
Not exact matches
The Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve in California is one
of four estuaries that experiences a
high level
of climate sensitivity.
Given the
high sensitivity inherent in tornado formation and the lack
of any clear pattern in tornado events, scientists have been cautious in linking the storms to
climate change in any way.
The model had a fairly
high climate sensitivity to begin with, predicting a warming
of 5.15 °C.
When the scientists compared the output
of climate models with a decade
of satellite measurements
of relative humidity, they found that the models that best reproduced observed conditions were built on the premise that
climate sensitivity is relatively
high — 7 degrees F or more.
«When the processes are correct in the
climate models the level
of climate sensitivity is far
higher.
«Based on the satellite data gathered, we can identify areas that, over the past 14 years, have shown
high sensitivity to
climate variability,» says researcher Alistair Seddon at the Department
of Biology at the University
of Bergen (UiB).
«Thus it appears that the Pinatubo cooling favours
high climate sensitivity,» say Hansen and his colleagues in a study for a forthcoming issue
of the journal National Geographic Research and Exploration.
If they would use a more realistic
climate transfer
sensitivity of 0.11 K / Wm -2, or even somewhat
higher (0.12 or 0.13) for the long - term, and use trends instead
of smooth curve points, they would end up with solar contributions
of 10 % or less for 1950 - 2000 and near 0 % and about 10 % in 1980 - 2000 using the PMOD and ACRIM data, respectively.
If the
high climate sensitivity effect
of the ice ages is a result
of the hysteresis effect as proposed by Oerlemans and Van den Dool (1978), then the present observed
sensitivity of 1K / 2xCO2 can not be much
higher.
In essence, I was using my informed prior beliefs to assess the likelihood
of a new claim that
climate sensitivity could be really
high or low.
My guess is
higher climate sensitivity is part
of the story but not all.
While there was a lot
of interesting science in this paper (the new methodology, the range
of results etc.) which fully justified its appearance in Nature, we were quite critical
of their basic conclusion — that
climate sensitivities significantly
higher than the standard range (1.5 — 4.5 ºC) were plausible — because there is significant other data, predominantly from paleo -
climate, that pretty much rule those
high numbers out (as we discussed again recently).
National Geographic News reports that this week's issue
of Nature will publish a study from a team led by Gabriele Hegerl
of Duke University which finds
climate sensitivity of 1.5 º to 6.2 ºC, with a
higher end somewhat
higher than the standard range
of 1.5 — 4.5 ºC.
Just for the sake
of illustration, though, here's one scenario where
higher Holocene variability could go along with lower
climate sensitivity: Suppose that some unknown stabilizing mechanism makes the real world less sensitive to radiative forcing than our current models.
Thus it is very important to know what the real impact
of historical solar changes is, as 0.1 K in the past, results in
climate sensitivity for anthropogenic at the
high end, while 0.9 K results in a very low effect
of anthropogenic, if the instrumental temperature trend
of the last 1.5 century is used as reference.
A 2015 USDA report (Brown et al. 2015) on how
climate affects agriculture delineates the
sensitivities of specialty crops to many
climate components (e.g., temperatures, atmospheric CO2 levels, water supply, cloud and light conditions,
high winds and other extreme conditions).
Note that the old GISS model had a
climate sensitivity that was a little
higher (4.2 ºC for a doubling
of CO2) than the best estimate (~ 3ºC) and as stated in previous years, the actual forcings that occurred are not the same as those used in the different scenarios.
Beyond equilibrium
climate sensitivity -LSB-...] Newer metrics relating global warming directly to the total emitted CO2 show that in order to keep warming to within 2 °C, future CO2 emissions have to remain strongly limited, irrespective
of climate sensitivity being at the
high or low end.»
They should be asked directly such questions as (1) Are they now saying that
high levels
of climate sensitivity are not possible, or (2) Are they now saying that some
of the
climate surprises including more rapid releases
of carbon from the stored carbon are not possible.
Hansen's model assumed a rather
high climate sensitivity of 4.2 °C for a doubling
of CO2.
Several studies have put the lower bound
of climate sensitivity at about 1.5 °C, on the other hand, several others have found that a
sensitivity higher than 4.5 °C can't be ruled out.
All this discussion
of the Schmittner et al paper should not distract from the point that Hansen and others (including RichardC in # 40 and William P in # 24) try to make: that there seems to be a significant risk that
climate sensitivity could be on the
higher end
of the various ranges, especially if we include the slower feedbacks and take into account that these could kick in faster than generally assumed.
The Transient Contrarian Response, as expected, is
high when there is any mention
of climate sensitivity being not as
high as it might be.
Whether the observed solar cycle in surface temperature is as large as.17 K (as in Camp and Tung) or more like.1 K (many previous estimates) is somewhat more in doubt, as is their interpretation in terms
of low thermal inertia and
high climate sensitivity in energy balance models.
For example, we know the past CO2 radiative forcing to very
high accuracy, but there are more uncertainties in the aerosol forcing; applying a consistent
climate sensitivity to both CO2 and aerosols, you can get a match to the observed record for a range
of different supposed aerosol forcings, but you can't take it too far.
Ipso facto,
climate sensitivity is at the
high end, so discussions
of anything else are so much number - crunching.
However, there has been a bit
of confusion generated though through the work
of climateprediction.net — the multi-thousand member perturbed parameter ensembles that, notoriously, suggested that
climate sensitivity could be as
high as 11 ºC in a paper a couple
of years back.
It seems to me we should use the
higher values for
climate sensitivity, including the slower feedbacks, for a complete assessment
of risks upto the seventh generation, so to speak.
Using Mg / Ca paleothermometry from the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber from the past 500 k.y. at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 871 in the western Pacific warm pool, we estimate the tropical Pacific
climate sensitivity parameter (λ) to be 0.94 — 1.06 °C (W m − 2) − 1,
higher than that predicted by model simulations
of the Last Glacial Maximum or by models
of doubled greenhouse gas concentration forcing.
Forest et al. (2006) demonstrate that the inclusion
of natural forcing affects the estimated PDF
of climate sensitivity since net negative natural forcing in the second half
of the 20th century favours
higher sensitivities than earlier results that disregarded natural forcing (Forest et al., 2002; see Figure 9.20), particularly if the same ocean warming estimates were used.
This empirical
climate sensitivity is generally consistent with that
of global
climate models [1], but the empirical approach makes the inferred
high sensitivity more certain and the quantitative evaluation more precise.
«We indicated 23 years ago — in our 1994 Nature article — that
climate models had the atmosphere's
sensitivity to CO2 much too
high,» said Christy, the lead author in the study, which has been accepted for publication in the 2017 fourth quarter edition
of the Asia - Pacific Journal
of Atmospheric Sciences and is available online.
National Geographic News reports that this week's issue
of Nature will publish a study from a team led by Gabriele Hegerl
of Duke University which finds
climate sensitivity of 1.5 º to 6.2 ºC, with a
higher end somewhat
higher than the standard range
of 1.5 — 4.5 ºC.
I would also bet that Hansen's estimate
of climate sensitivity at 3 degrees Centigrade is too
high.
If the
high climate sensitivity effect
of the ice ages is a result
of the hysteresis effect as proposed by Oerlemans and Van den Dool (1978), then the present observed
sensitivity of 1K / 2xCO2 can not be much
higher.
Well I find it sort
of amusing (and a little tragic) that
climate scientists (at least the blogger ones) are patting themselves on the back over their
high standards
of a press release that will just focus on the mundane «we also show a 3K
sensitivity as most likely.»
(in general, whether for future projections or historical reconstructions or estimates
of climate sensitivity, I tend to be sympathetic to arguments
of more rather than less uncertainty because I feel like in general, models and statistical approaches are not exhaustive and it is «plausible» that additional factors could lead to either
higher or lower estimates than seen with a single approach.
eg «These studies provide new insights on the
sensitivity and response
of meridional ocean circulation to melt water inputs to the North Atlantic
high latitudes (e.g., Bamberg et al., 2010; Irvali et al., 2012; Morley et al., 2011) and their potential role in amplifying small radiative variations into large a
climate response through dynamic changes in ocean - atmosphere interactions (e.g., Morely et al., 2011; Irvali et al., 2012; Morley et al., 2014).
(c) Our current
climate models can not replicate the relatively
high climate sensitivities, and Arctic Amplifications,
of Super Interglacial periods, which are most relevant to our future in 2100;