The first hominid expansion from Africa came about 2 million years ago, as revealed by stone tools and an outstanding
collection of hominid fossils at the site of Dmanisi in Georgia.
The country has proved to be one of the richest
sources of hominid fossils in the world, producing nearly half of all such fossils discovered worldwide in the past three decades.
Thousands of hominid fossils up to 800,000 years old had been previously found there, including some bearing cut marks indicative of cannibalism.
For example, Tarver says, beyond the extant catarrhine species, there is only one known fossil of a chimpanzee species and no gorilla fossils, so more of those might be of greater value for understanding primate evolution than smaller additions to the large
body of hominid fossils.
An
array of hominid fossils from a South African cave shows many body parts of the newly identified species Homo naledi.