Sentences with phrase «of human immune responses»

It is based on the scientific understanding and high - throughput analyses of human immune responses to disease - related proteins in selected populations including elderly with the capability to stay healthy during the aging process.

Such models are valuable for the analysis of parameters associated with vaccine safety, immunogenicity, delivery and protection as NHPs replicate key features of the human immune response more faithfully than any other animal model.

Not exact matches

The advance, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) journal, for the first time allows scientists to analyze how normal gut microbes and pathogenic bacteria contribute to immune responses, and to investigate IBD mechanisms in a controlled model that recapitulates human intestinal physiology.

Another important feature of this antibody is that it acts on a part of the virus that is not normally targeted by the normal human immune response.

Already the advance has revealed new discoveries into the inner workings of the human intestinal tract and its immune responses.

In the meantime, for humans more than 1,200 different short, single - stranded RNA molecules have been named, some of them playing an important role in immune response.

With our human gut - on - a-chip, we can not only culture the normal gut microbiome for extended times, but we can also analyze contributions of pathogens, immune cells, and vascular and lymphatic endothelium, as well as model specific diseases to understand complex pathophysiological responses of the intestinal tract.»

A 2 - year fellowship from the Human Science Frontier Program financed a postdoc at Yale University School of Medicine on the role of so - called «toll - like receptors» in immune responses.

Nibbering and a team of Dutch collaborators are trying to combat these biofilm - associated infections by improving on a human peptide called LL - 37, which helps regulate the body's immune response.

However, some mice experienced dangerous levels of brain swelling, a side effect of the immune response triggered by the engineered cells, the researchers said, adding that extreme caution will be needed to introduce the approach in human clinical trials.

Using cells from cadavers, doctors have been experimentally transplanting pancreatic islets into humans for decades, but as many as 60 percent of the transplanted islets die immediately because they are cut off from their blood supply and are killed by an immune response due to direct injection into the bloodstream, and those that survive the transplant usually die within several months.

«Much further work in both models and humans is required to fully untangle this complex web of immune responses.

The authors said that this result suggests that the reason bacterial numbers are so high in these mice, and, by extension, human LAD patients, is not because of a defect in the immune system's surveillance mechanism but because of the inflammation caused by the immune system's abnormal response to normal levels of bacteria in the gums.

Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody discovered by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and being developed by Regeneron and Sanofi, thwarts activation of the Th2 immune response implicated in asthma by blocking two cytokines, interleukin - 4 and interleukin - 13.

Two new studies reveal that administering a potent, broadly neutralizing antibody that binds to HIV evokes a strong immune response in humans, and can even accelerate the clearance of infected cells.

«The imaging technique could shed light on the immune dysfunction that underpins a broad range of neuroinflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and addiction,» said Christine Sandiego, PhD, lead author of the study and a researcher from the department of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Conn. «This is the first human study that accurately measures this immune response in the brain.

«Our findings show that population differences in transcriptional responses to immune activation are widespread, and that they are mainly accounted for by genetic variants that differ in their frequencies between human populations,» said Lluis Quintana - Murci of Institut Pasteur and CNRS in Paris, France, who led one of the two studies.

The paper focuses on two key molecular players in the story of influenza infection: a human protein called TRIM25, which was recently discovered to play an important role in the human immune response to flu infection; and a protein called NS1 present in all strains of the influenza A virus and shown to bind TRIM25 to keep it from doing its job.

A human enzyme that can degrade the chitin of insect exoskeletons also regulates allergic inflammation in asthma, reinforcing the similarities between immune responses to parasitic and allergic stimuli.

While the inflammatory immune response is essential to protecting humans against viruses and bacteria, superantigen toxins cause an exaggerated response called an «immune storm» that can do a great deal of damage in the body and can result in multiple organ failure.

«The strategy of using peptides that mimic regions of a human immune receptor, to put the brakes on the excessive inflammatory response triggered by superantigen toxins, is a host - oriented strategy that is broadly effective against the diverse family of superantigens,» said Prof. Raymond Kaempfer.

This differential response depends on a «natural» immune response environment, that is, on the presence of human blood serum.

This response was blocked by a drug that inhibits the complement system, a part of the non-specific immune system present in human blood.

In its first test in humans, reported online October 4 in the New England Journal of Medicine, one vaccine based on DNA from the virus elicited an immune response, with 100 percent of participants developing antibodies after a three - dose regimen.

Plant immune systems, like those of humans and animals, face a difficult balancing act: they must mount responses against ever - evolving pathogens, but they must not overdo it.

The UNC research team, led by Lemon and Jason Whitmire, Ph.D., Associate Professor in UNC's Department of Genetics, is now poised to investigate the complicated interplay of nonspecific «innate» and specific «adaptive» immune responses that ultimately control the infection and eliminate HAV from the host — processes that are not well understood for any of the five human hepatitis viruses.

To develop an effective vaccine, it is imperative to identify a suitable antigen structure of the virus which will create an effective immune response in humans.

With the completion of the first phase of the Human Genome Project in 2000, and the advent of sequencing technologies that can detect gene variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), for the first time scientists have the tools in hand to find the key immune genes and genetic networks that play roles in vaccine response.

The company now has an array of fully human antibodies in its pipeline created with its proprietary VelocImmune mouse, which has been engineered to express human antibody genes while still mounting a robust immune response by making antibodies with fully human variable regions and mouse constant regions.

«Additionally, the development of immune response against WNV may have reduced human cases by depleting the susceptible human population.

Dr. Gnjatic's research focuses on human antigen - specific immune responses to tumor antigens, in an attempt to define new targets for the development of cancer immunotherapies, assess the efficacy of these immunotherapies, and learn why they may fail.

In a paper published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Sangeeta Bhatia of MIT and Charles Rice of Rockefeller University describe using microfabricated cell cultures to sustain hepatitis B virus in human liver cells, allowing them to study immune responses and drug treatments.

«Inappropriate immune response to commensal bacteria and subsequent pathologic inflammation is a contributing factor to the pathogenesis and progression of many chronic human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, HIV / AIDS, viral hepatitis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes,» says Sonnenberg.

After a flood of optimism and investment in the early 1990's, the struggle to overcome host immune response and fears that organs could transmit pig viruses to humans scared off pharmaceutical funders.

A possible problem facing a human vaccine is that some people already have an immune response to some strains of adenoviruses, which would reduce the body's response to the vaccine strain.

«Team studies immune response of Asian elephants infected with a human disease.»

Looking across evolutionary time and the genomic landscapes of humans and mice, an international group of researchers has found powerful clues to why certain processes and systems in the mouse — such as the immune system, metabolism and stress response — are so different from those in people.

«The immune responses are there, the tough call is whether they're enough to protect humans against Ebola, and I guess we'll find that out in the phase 3 trial,» says Adrian Hill, director of the Jenner Institute in Oxford, UK, who is leading a small safety trial of the monovalent NIAID / GSK vaccine.

The HLA (human leukocyte antigen) is a system of genes responsible for regulating immune responses, and peptides are short chains of amino acids that play key roles in regulating the activities of other molecules.

For example, investigators found that for the mouse immune system, metabolic processes and stress response, the activity of some genes varied between mice and humans, which echoes earlier research.

The researchers found that resistin, an immune protein commonly found in human serum, instigates an inappropriate inflammatory response to worm infections, impairing the clearance of the worm.

These types of engineered tumors are much more difficult to treat than human tumors implanted in mice, because they suppress the immune response against them.

The main change, a point mutation in the human gene for hu14.18, was designed to address treatment - limiting pain by generating a more tailored response that avoided triggering part of the immune response called the complement cascade.

By analyzing a dataset of human immune cells stimulated with interferon — a signaling protein created in response to pathogens or tumor cells — the team could precisely identify which genes were switched on in each of 13 responding cell types.

IDMIT will contribute 1) To the development and validation of assays based on flow cytometry and mass cytometry for the evaluation of immune responses in humans and animal models; these tools will be particularly relevant for the identification of signatures of vaccine efficacy; 2) To the animal model platform, in particularly by providing access to NHP models and to new technologies for in vivo imaging infections and host responses; 3) To networking activities, in particular by organising a workshop on in vivo imaging.

(PMID: 11279501)[ii] Stamper CC, Zhang Y, Tobin JF, Erbe DV, Ikemizu S, Davis SJ, Stahl ML, Seehra J, Somers WS, Mosyak L. Crystal structure of the B7 - 1 / CTLA - 4 complex that inhibits human immune responses.

The scientists who posted this paper argued that a lot of people had immune responses to Cas9, because they knew that the two most widely used Cas9 enzymes come from S. aureus and S. pyogenes bacteria, and humans have been infected by these bacterias for a long time.

Michael Pfreundschuh and colleagues Ugur Sahin and Ozlem Türeci at the University of Saarland develop SEREX (SErological analysis of Recombinant cDNA Expression), providing a powerful method to analyze the humoral immune response to intracellular cancer antigens and ushering in the third phase of cancer serology, bringing with it the prospect of providing a comprehensive view of the immune recognition of human cancer.

Hypothesis driven approaches to vaccinology can utilise the knowledge gained from mechanistic mouse models and our molecular understanding of intrinsic defects to human cells.5 However, caution is required when extrapolating data from murine models, as there are substantial differences between immune ageing in mice and humans.6 Nevertheless, model systems and ex vivo analyses of molecular alterations in aged human cells have identified multiple changes in the vaccination response with age and the aged immune system in general.

Dr. Anuja Mathew is the newest members of the iCubed team, joining the Institute in August 2015 to research human immune responses to dengue virus infections alongside world renowned Dr. Alan Rothman.