This causes incongruity within the joint, which leads to osteoarthrosis but may also cause fragmentation of the medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis
of the humeral condyle, ununited anconeal process, or combinations thereof.»
Musculoskeletal — Elbow dysplasia, suspected incomplete ossification
of the humeral condyles, complex fractures
The lesion usually appears on the caudal (back) surface
of the humeral head (Figure 1).
Complication rate, outcome, and risk factors associated with surgical repair of fractures of the lateral aspect
of the humeral condyle in dogs.
More precisely the different joint conditions grouped under the name of elbow dysplasia include: a ununited anconeal process (failure of union between the anconeal process and the remainder of the ulna beyond 20 weeks of age), the so - called osteochondrosis dissecans
of the humeral condyle (failure of ossification of the articular cartilage covering the humeral condyle, resulting in an abnormal thickening of the articular cartilage and separation between this region and the underlying bone), and finally the fragmentation of the coronoid process (in which the ulnar coronoid process have multiple fragments or most often a single fragment).
But it has a simple and clear rationale: elbow dysplasia, and osteochondrosis
of the humeral condyle in particular, is a highly heritable disease.
In conversations with radiologists at Auburn University, I was told that they see tibial - tarsal OCD most predominantly in Rottweilers, a breed they also connect frequently with OCD
of the humeral head and even panosteitis.
Minimal Arthosis (Grade 1) = one or more of the following findings: (a) less than 2 mm high osteophyte formation seen on the dorsal edge of the anconeal process (b) minimal osteophyte formation (less than 2 mm in any direction) on the dorsal proximal edge of the radius (c) or the dorsal edge of the coronoid process, (d) or the leteral palmar part
of the humeral trochiea; (e) sclerosis in the area caudal to the distal end of the ulnar trochlear notch and to the proximal
Additionally — in cranio - caudal radiographs osteophytes are most easily seen on the distal, medial part
of the humeral condyle (f) and the medial part of the coronoid process (g).
Some dogs diagnosed with incomplete ossification
of the humeral chondile are deemed to have elbow dysplasia.
It is made up
of the humeral head (the upper end of the bone of the upper arm) fitting into the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade).
The rotator cuff muscles are the dynamic stabilizers and movers of the shoulder joint and adjust the position
of the humeral head and scapula during shoulder movement.
First, have a look at the patient's posture, paying particular attention to the position
of the humeral head and scapula.
If the pec minor is tight, it is usual to see some level of winging of the scapula, coupled with protraction and you may notice an internal rotation
of the humeral head, too.
Some cases
of humeral osteoblastomas have been described in literature but not in men older than 30.
A «small geode» was found under the cartilage
of the humeral head outside the bicipital groove (Fig. 2).
Research has shown that exercising the RTC to failure or doing «burn - out exercises» of these muscles decreases the control
of the humeral head.
Not exact matches
When he checked the clinical literature, the break looked like a dead ringer for a so - called «four - part proximal
humeral fracture» — a characteristic shoulder bone fracture in which the shoulder blade smashes like an anvil into the head
of the humerus, driving it forcefully into the long bone.
WeckMethod recruits the PIP Joint to create a muscle communication that extends past the elbow (see left side
of image above) and has a radial and
humeral origin.
The motion
of the scapula and upper arm is defined as a 2:1 movement ratio, meaning for every 2 degrees
of upward
humeral motion there is 1 degree
of upward scapular motion.
Tension in the upper back can hike the
humeral head higher in the socket and cause wear on the top
of the rotator cuff.
The optimal joint position with maximal surface area contact between the
humeral head (ball) and gleaned fossa
of the scapula (socket) is referred to as «absolute joint centration».
The true shoulder joint, also known as the gleno -
humeral joint, is comprised
of a ball and socket surrounded by both active and passive stabilizers.
The most frequent supernumerary biceps muscle bellies originated from the humerus at the level
of the coracobrachialis insertion, and inserting on the biceps muscle belly, tendon or bicipital aponeurosis, while other origin and insertions were much less frequent, originating more superior on the
humeral head, or laterally from the intermuscular septum.
The deltoid muscle as a whole does not contribute to
humeral axial rotation, as the moment arm length
of the deltoid is approximately zero.
These abnormalities typically develop between four and eight months
of age and include osteochondritis dessicans (OCD)
of the medial
humeral condyle, ununited anconeal process (UAP), joint incongruency, and fragmentation
of the medial coronoid process (FCP).
Osteochondrosis
of medial
humeral condyl: removal
of OCD flap and abrasion arthroplasty or microfracture
of the subchondral bone.
Three different problems can cause elbow dysplasia - an ununited anconeal process (UAP), a fragmented coronoid process (FCP), or osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
of the medial
humeral condyle.
The medical terms are horrible: osteochondrosis
of the medial
humeral condyle or ununited anconeal process, fragmented medial choroid process.
Elbow Dysplasia — OCD
of the medial
humeral condyle, fractured coronoid process.
The severity
of OCD symptoms are positively correlated with age, weight,
humeral head size, and BCS, so it is important to prevent puppies from becoming overweight
The most common locations for OCD are the caudal
humeral head (shoulder), lateral femoral condyle (knee), the medial
humeral condyle (elbow) and the trochlear ridges
of the talus (ankle or hock).
Three portions
of the bones participating in the formation
of the elbow joint are involved in the development
of elbow dysplasia: 1) the anconeal process
of the ulna, which is the most cranial proximal aspect
of the ulna articulating with the humerus; 2) the
humeral condyle, which is the distal aspect
of the humerus articulating with both the radius and ulna; and 3) the coronoid process
of the ulna, which provides the majority
of the joint surface contact between the humerus and the ulna.
By focusing solely on orthopedic surgery, Dr. Daye can offer arthroscopy, the most advance cruciate ligament repairs (TPLO, TTA), advanced surgical therapy
of elbow and hip dysplasia (TPO, total hip replacement (cemented and cementless), sliding
humeral osteotomy (SHO) for elbow arthritis, distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) for severe patellar luxations, and repair
of simple to complex fractures and angular deformities.
Commonly, diagnosis
of OCD can be seen as a defect (flattening) present in the
humeral head on X-rays
of the shoulder.
These processes are referred to as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
of the medial
humeral condyle, fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP), and ununited anconeal process (UAP).
Diagnosis is made through a physical exam and radiographic visualization
of a defect on the
humeral head.
Slant
of shoulder — blade is medium (about 45 degrees to the horizontal), with the angle
of the scapular -
humeral articulation being a little more than 90 degrees.
Growth disturbances in the radius and ulna can be related to an outward twisting
of the top
of the ulna away from a good fit with the
humeral condyles, enough so that subluxation or even luxation takes place.
In the development
of the normal elbow, there is good congruity (which is to say tight fit) between
humeral condyles and the trochlear notch that runs from the ulna's anconeal and coronoid processes, and between humerus and radius.
The lateral and medial
humeral condyles (the two rounded «bumps» on the distal end
of the humerus (upper arm) that fit into the half - moon - shaped groove in the lower arm's ulna),
he had suffered multiple injuries, including a complex pelvic fracture with separation
of the symphysis pubis and fracture
of the right sacrum, a left tibiofibular fracture, a fractured right
humeral shaft, fracture
of his left second rib, as well as a large laceration to his right thigh and multiple cuts and abrasions.