A massive genetic study
of humpback whale populations will help inform ongoing conservation reassessments
of humpback whale populations, and reaffirms the highly distinct nature of a small, non-migratory population of humpback whales living in the Arabian Sea in need on continued protection.
«After 50 years of international protection, a number
of humpback whale populations are beginning to recover in the Southern Hemisphere and other regions,» said Dr. Howard Rosenbaum of WCS's Ocean Giants Program.
The first comprehensive genetic study
of humpback whale populations in the North Pacific Ocean has identified five distinct populations — at the same time a proposal to designate North Pacific humpbacks as a single «distinct population segment» is being considered under the Endangered Species Act.
Not exact matches
Killing
whales for commercial purposes had driven Australian
whale populations, especially those
of sperm and
humpback whales, frighteningly close to the edge
of extinction.
«Though
humpback whales are found in all oceans
of the world, the North Pacific
humpback whales should probably be considered a sub-species at an ocean - basin level — based on genetic isolation
of these
populations on an evolutionary time scale,» said Scott Baker, associate director
of the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State University's Hatfield Marine Science Center and lead author on the paper.
Overall, the study's data from mitochondrial DNA — different from nuclear DNA in that it helps scientists trace maternal lineages — reveal that
population structure in
humpback whales is largely driven by female
whales that return annually to the same breeding grounds and by the early experience
of calves that accompany their mothers on their first round - trip migration to the feeding grounds.
In the largest study
of its kind to date, researchers used mitochondrial DNA microsatellites from skin samples gathered from more than 3,000 individual
humpback whales across the Southern Hemisphere and the Arabian Sea to examine how
whale populations are related to one another, a question that is difficult to answer with direct observations
of whales in their oceanic environment.
The research results build on previous regional studies
of genetic diversity and will help scientists to better understand how
humpback whale populations evolve over time and how to best advise international management authorities.
Scientists conducting the first circum - global assessment
of mitochondrial DNA variation in the Southern Hemisphere's
humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) have found that
whales faithfully returning to calving grounds year after year play a major role in how
populations form, according to WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society), the American Museum
of Natural History, and a number
of other contributing organizations.
«In light
of our finding, current
populations of humpback or fin
whales are far from harvestable,» he says.
Researchers determined the
whales» current
population numbers by comparing photographic shots
of humpbacks in their North Pacific feeding grounds (around the Pacific Rim from California to Kamchatka) to images taken
of the
whales in their southern, tropical breeding areas — some as far as 3000 miles away.
The
whales were counted during a special 3 - year project, known as Structure
of Populations, Levels
of Abundance and Status
of Humpbacks (SPLASH), which was launched in 2004.
Further, the findings
of the new study confirm the unique nature
of Arabian Sea
humpback whales, which recently was listed as «Endangered» under the US Endangered Species Act by evaluating extinction risk
of this discrete
population.
«Future challenges in Australia will be to protect a marine environment that contains growing
humpback whale populations and to develop alternative approaches to ecological sustainability,» said Dr. David Johnston
of Duke University USA, co-author
of the study.
Paul Hodda, chairman
of the Australian
Whale Watch Society, believes that an all - white
humpback could be a sign that the southern
population is evolving into a subspecies.
Furthermore, we must understand how changes in sea ice cover affect the feeding ecology
of humpback whales and their competitors in the short - term and the dynamics
of krill
populations over the longer term, particularly given the increasing pressure from commercial krill harvests [36].
Every year at the start
of Fall more than 60 %
of the North Pacific
Humpback Whale population will begin their migration from Alaska to Hawaii, with many
of them choosing to stay in the waters off
of Maui during their visit.
One third
of British Columbia's Steller sea lion
population calls Haida Gwaii home and
humpback whales may be seen throughout the area.
A rebounding
population of humpback whales in the San Juan Islands usually reaches its peak in September as schools
of juvenile herring attract them.
About 60 percent
of the North Pacific
humpback whale population migrates to Hawaiian waters where they mate, give birth to and nurse their young.
The North Island Kayak Four Day Orcas and the
Humpbacks Sea Kayaking Adventure concentrates on the areas known to be the primary summer range
of Northern Resident Orca (killer
whale)
population and the summer feeding grounds
of an ever increasing number
of Humpback Whales.
Cascadia Research senior biologist John Calambokidis discussed his work examining the trends
of populations of blue, fin,
humpback, and gray
whales in southern California during the July From Shore to Sea lecture.
Research biologist, John Calambokidis, discused his work tracking the movements and estimating the
populations of blue and
humpback whales in the North Pacific at the May «From Shore to Sea» lecture.
It provides breeding and feeding grounds for at least twenty - five endangered or threatened species; thirty - six marine mammal species, including blue, gray, and
humpback whales, harbor seals, elephant seals, Pacific white - sided dolphins, and one
of the southernmost U.S.
populations of threatened Steller sea lions; over a quarter - million breeding seabirds; and one
of the most significant white shark
populations on the planet.
Frederick Sound harbors the largest summer
population of humpback whales in the world, up to 500 individuals, so our chances
of seeing these massive animals is excellent.
These areas contain
populations of endangered blue,
humpback and fin
whales that are federally protected under the Federal Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1538 et seq.), the Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.).
«The unique location
of the Sheraton Maui's Moana building, situated on top
of the Black Rock, provides an unrivaled view
of the
Humpback Whales across the Maui Nui Basin where their
population is amongst the highest,» continues Yamazaki.
Each winter, the East Australian
humpback whale population migrate north from the Antarctic waters, along the eastern coastline
of Australia to mate and give birth in the warmer waters
of North Queensland.
En route we keep our eyes peeled for dolphins and
whales — Antarctic and Arctic
populations of humpback whales visit these shores to calf a mate each year!
This is probably the world's only sedentary
population of Humpback Whales, as over the last 70,000 years it separated from the rest
of the Indian Ocean
population and settled in Oman's waters.
Compared with other bodies
of water its size, the Sea
of Cortez supports the largest and most varied
population of whales in the world:
humpback, Bryde's, minke, orca, and sperm
whales also live there.
It was not until the 1990's that people realized
Humpback and Blue
Whale populations were moving up and down California coast at other times
of the year (summer season).
Diving highlights are undoubtedly the opportunity to see the resident
population of humpback whales but also includes encounters with manta rays and sperm
whales.
A clarification: although there are discrepancies about the
populations of humpback whales, they are indeed on the federal endangered species list.
North Pacific
humpback whales came particularly close to extinction, with an estimated
population of just 1,500 before the
whaling ban took place.
We also ask that Japan immediately cease the killing
of both
humpback and fin
whales, and only employ non-lethal techniques for studying these
populations.
A. Several
whale populations are indisputably endangered, including western gray
whales (eastern gray
whales, which are the
population of gray
whales found on the Pacific coast
of North America, are no longer considered endangered), eastern bowhead
whales, North Atlantic and Pacific right
whales, blue
whales, and most
humpback whales.
The authors note that minke
whale populations are roughly similar, if anything smaller, to what they were prior to early 20th century industrial
whaling of larger species such as blue,
humpback, sei, and fin
whales.
On behalf
of five ENGO's (environmental non-governmental organizations), Ecojustice challenged the admitted failure
of the Minister
of Fisheries and Oceans and the Minister
of the Environment to prepare recovery strategies for four species until many years after the statutory deadlines: the White Sturgeon, Nechako River
population; the
Humpback Whale, North Pacific
population; the Marbled Murrelet; and the Woodland Caribou, Southern Mountain
population.