The bodyshell and powertrain mountings, springs and dampers, Servotronic mapping
of the hydraulic steering — among other things — have been modified to imbue the chassis set - up of the two BMW X models with hallmark M characteristics.
We miss the magnetic suspension, however, and the feedback
of the hydraulic steering system, but that's the enthusiast in us speaking.
Responsive steering is provided by an Electronic Hydraulic Power - Assisted Steering (EHPS) system that preserves the feel
of hydraulic steering rack while offering the efficiencies of an electric power steering set - up.
I'm a huge fan
of hydraulic steering and I find it's demise in current auto applications to be on a par with the loss of the manual transmission.
Variable ratios have long been known in the area
of hydraulic steering systems; however, the tuning of such a steering system is subject to very tight limits, so that the driver is not overtaxed by the transitional behaviour.
The 812 is also the first Ferrari to have electric power steering instead
of a hydraulic steering box, but so does the Mazda Miata nowadays, so there's no need to worry.
The days
of hydraulic steering are history, but fortunately so are the days of overly light, strangely artificial electric power steering.
If you're sitting at home and wondering why we're continually mourning the disappearance
of hydraulic steering, go drive these two X1s back - to - back.
Not exact matches
One
of the seven riders
steers the tricycle and controls the dual independent
hydraulic brake systems (one hand lever and a foot pedal).
It has dosing rollers, three axles (two
of them are
steering axles) and a
hydraulic drawbar.
We wish the
steering had a touch more on - center feel and better feedback, and we miss the industry - leading
hydraulic systems fitted to Jaguars
of the past.
Nissan chose an electrohydraulic power -
steering setup in place
of some
of its competitors» fully electric systems, a best -
of - both - worlds solution that provides the feel
of a conventional
hydraulic setup with the economy benefits
of an electric rack.
I'll say the same about the Mazda3, though the Mazda might still hold the edge in
steering feel, having adopted electro -
hydraulic steering rather than going to full electric, a half - step that comes at the cost
of fuel efficiency.
Despite its size, the model has the tighter turning radius
of a small car thanks to an all - wheel
steering system, Audi says, which is made possible with the removal
of the
steering shaft and
steering hydraulics.
We're grateful that BMW reverted to a
hydraulic steering setup in place
of the regular 6's electrically assisted rack, as it wakes up the
steering, now highly communicative and precise.
We drove two examples
of the 535i: one with optional active
steering, and one with the standard
hydraulic setup, both with optional nineteen - inch Goodyear Excellence run - flat tires (eighteens and twenties are also available).
There are a few quirks to get used to — the brake pedal isn't a pedal, it's a touch - sensitive, pyramid - shaped rubber button where pressure, not pedal travel, equals stopping power; the feedback - free,
hydraulic rack - and - pinion
steering is as disconnected and consistent as a rheostat, and it feels like that
of no other car on the planet — but the sharp - yet - pillowy ride and handling combination is almost supernatural.
Strangely, the base car has
hydraulic power assist for its
steering and the Turbo gets electrically assisted power
steering that is a bit light and largely devoid
of feel.
But the plum in this Bavarian fruit cocktail is once again the
hydraulic rack - and - pinion
steering, which easily outshines those
of its electrically operated counterparts.
In fact, with
hydraulic power
steering and better overall suspension tuning, the M6 Gran Coupe could just be the best
of the current crop
of M cars — and a great example
of how to make a new, even better car out
of some already great automobiles.
It isn't as direct or as communicative as Porsche's best
hydraulic -
steering units, but it's a vast improvement from the V - 12's slightly vague nature thanks to the revised suspension, a more rearward center
of gravity due to the V - 8's placement in the engine bay, and the 200 - plus pounds removed from the car's nose.
The electric power
steering might play a part, as its feedback isn't as good as it was in the best
of BMW's now - endangered
hydraulic - assist implementations, but it's good enough that a casual driver wouldn't know the difference.
European models received active
hydraulic four - wheel
steering for its introductory year, called AHK or Aktive Hinterachskinematik (Active Rear Axle Kinematics), the presence
of which is one way to separate U.S. - market originals from grey - market imports.
It's the helm that's partly to blame for this, for although the Z4's standard electronic power -
steering set - up has been ditched in favour
of a
hydraulic system, it's still not as good as is should be.
On the other hand, the
hydraulic power
steering is a magic wand, and that amazing 3246 - cc straight six manages to dish up 80 percent
of its maximum torque at 2000 rpm while pushing toward the 8000 - rpm redline only a few seconds later.
Following the example
of the 991 - series 911, the Cayman loses its
hydraulic steering and gets an EPS unit.
Some will bemoan the change to electric - power - assisted
steering — the previous
hydraulic system was magic in terms
of feel — but the 13:1 - ratio rack, the quickest yet in an Aston, is predictable and communicative.
Just as so many car companies have begun to embrace electric power
steering, Ferrari has reset the
steering feel benchmark — and,
of course, it's with a
hydraulic - assist system.
But this is a car that has no power
steering, so you get the best
of both worlds; no
hydraulic p / s pump to sap 1 mpg off the city EPA number, and no electric boost alternative to sap
steering feel in favor
of that extra mpg.
Whereas the GT2 packs a dual - clutch transmission and some form
of electric - assisted
steering, this GT3 comes from a generation
of Porsches that still had
hydraulic steering and manual transmissions.
A larger engine oil cooler and transmission fluid cooler are new, and the oil cooler for the
steering hydraulics has been moved from the front
of the R8 to its middle section.
Compared with electrically assisted
steering, the Tundra's
hydraulic assist feels like having a bass on the line instead
of just bait, and rolling on massive P275 / 55R -20 Bridgestone Dueler all - season tires, the 1794 managed to avoid the brittle sort
of ride we experienced most recently in an F - 150 on 22 - inch wheels.
Still, there's much about the Sonic that's specific for our market, including its two engines, extra air bags (for a total
of ten), quicker
steering,
hydraulic engine mounts, additional structural bracing, and,
of course, specific chassis tuning.
The rear - axle sub-frame is bolted directly to the body, a la M3 GTS, and it sticks with
hydraulic steering instead
of an electromechanical system.
The modular matrix is sure to use an independent suspension front and rear, variable - ratio electro -
hydraulic steering, a low - friction lightweight version
of xDrive (not the Countryman AWD hardware) and a mix
of three - and four - cylinder engines.
The Z4's electrically assisted
steering is ditched in favor
of hydraulic assistance, which offers better high - speed performance.
Other big stories, though perhaps ones Aston won't appreciate in their retelling, are the lack
of a manual option (a ZF eight - speed torque converter automatic gets transmission duties) and the decision to ditch the brand's much - lauded
hydraulic steering in favor
of an electronic system.
It would be nice to see a Momo, Grip Royal, or some other suede aftermarket
steering wheel, a set
of fixed - back Sparco or Recaro seats, and an optional
hydraulic handbrake with a big, machined - aluminum lever.
In terms
of character, the
steering systems should be swapped between the two cars, and yet the fact that the base car uses
hydraulic assistance is a sore reminder that the dollars, not the drivers, dictated the decisions here.
Since replacing its wonderful
hydraulic steering system with the launch
of the 981 Boxster in 2012, Porsche has worked endlessly to refine and improve its electric
steering to the point where it is not only the best electric set - up available, but considered to be on a par with, if not better than, many
hydraulic systems
of old.
Typically a
hydraulic pump used to multiply force that is inputted through a vehicle's
steering wheel by the operator
of the vehicle.
One benefit
of an ageing platform is the car's relative simplicity, which manifests itself most pleasingly in the form
of feelsome
hydraulic power - assisted
steering.
While I have little knowledge
of Citroen (other than odd
steering wheels and a shared
hydraulic system)-- and even less about the C5...
In terms
of feel and connection, the 718's electronic power
steering can not compete with Porsche's
hydraulic systems
of old.
That's partly because
of the six - speed manual (fittingly, the only transmission offered), which slips into gears with a firm, cradling confidence, plus old school
hydraulic steering.
Its
hydraulic power
steering is sharp and vivid, and every little twig and rock littering this silent forest serpent
of a road announces itself to my sweating palms.
Third, if I was going to be cynical I would say that they are just pandering to poseurs by increasing performance instead
of increasing agility and involvement with lower weight, less grip, more feedback from
hydraulic steering and a manual gearbox option.
If the engine was somewhat old school with no forced induction or electrical assistance to get in the way then the rest
of the car was bang up to date with a carbonfibre body, F1 - style electro -
hydraulic transmission with
steering wheel - mounted shift lights and carbon ceramic brakes.
More
of a concern are the little question marks that keep popping up: Is the new electric
steering as good as the old
hydraulic setup?
Hydraulic cylinders in each individual suspension strut respond to
steering inputs, allowing the vehicle to change its body angle by up to 2.5 degrees in a fraction
of a second.