Sentences with phrase «of hydrocarbon molecules»

The distribution and abundance of hydrocarbon molecules in deep environments suggest that there must be organisms manufacturing some of the molecules.

To their surprise, they observed that in the first stages of the process, the surface covers itself up progressively in a single layer of hydrocarbon molecules with a highly ordered regular pattern.

Not exact matches

But there were also a lot of hydrocarbons similar to propane, plus some methane and sulfur - bearing molecules.

«When the light hits molecules in Titan's ionosphere, it ejects negatively charged electrons out of the hydrocarbon and nitrile molecules, leaving a positively charged particle behind.

Hydrocarbons are a category of molecules that includes methane, as well as other familiar substances including petrol, natural gas and bitumen.

Simple aromatic molecules such as benzonitrile may be precursors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation, providing a chemical link to the carriers of the unidentified infrared bands.

Under pressure and heat, the dead creatures» long chains of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon - bearing molecules, known as polymers, decompose into short - chain petroleum hydrocarbons.

The Methods: Photochemical modeling by a Caltech team indicates that ethane, a hydrocarbon detected on Titan by both of the Voyager spacecraft and the European Infrared Space Observatory, is created when solar ultraviolet light breaks down methane, a minor component of Titan's nitrogen - rich atmosphere, into a stew of organic molecules that form a dense orange - brown smog.

The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of hydrocarbons with between 5 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule.

And there is no reason to think that the R. eutropha could not be made to generate other products — perhaps complex hydrocarbon molecules like those found in fossil fuels or even the whole range of chemicals currently synthesized from polluting resources, such as fertilizers.

First, the researchers tagged each molecule with a pair of long hydrocarbon chains.

Polymers and Manufacturing «Seven years have now passed since our laboratory in the Politecnico di Milano discovered «stereospecific» catalytic processes for creating «stereoregular» polymers from simple asymmetric hydrocarbon molecules such as those of propylene.

Here's how we got the weight of CO2: Gasoline is made up of short - chain hydrocarbons, molecules that are around 87 percent carbon by weight.

Their particular focus was a class of molecules, called aromatic hydrocarbons, that are distinguished by their stability and restrained reactivity.

A specially designed chiral catalyst is used to oxidize hydrocarbons into multifunctional compounds that are obtained in high purity and are readily converted into an assortment of molecules that will streamline the synthesis of future pharmaceutical drugs,» said Dr. Leila Bayeh, a former graduate student and lead author of the study.

Astronomers using the Green Bank Telescope have made the first definitive interstellar detection of benzonitrile, an intriguing organic molecule that helps to chemically link simple carbon - based molecules and truly massive ones known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The selectivity problem challenges chemists, who often encounter it when attempting to directly transform unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon - carbon double bonds, resulting in difficult - to - separate mixtures of compounds that require subsequent chemical steps to subdivide the mixtures into the desired molecules.

NASA researchers triggered international headlines in 1996 when they discovered, among other possible indicators of life, traces of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (multiringed carbon molecules found in living cells) along surface fractures in ALH84001.

That's because the core of making jet biofuel is much the same as the core of making conventional fuel: hydroprocessing, or the adding of hydrogen to existing hydrocarbons in order to remove oxygen and other impurities as well as build the right molecule.

So far, the closest conventional synthesis has come to making molecules of this sort involves buffering the reactive edges with bulky hydrocarbon appendages2.

In this case, the team found that [10] cycloparaphenylene -LRB-[10] CPP), a hydrocarbon molecule composed of 10 para-connected benzene rings, made an ideal host when combined with iodine (I).

Mango believes he has now found the missing ingredient: transition metals such as nickel and vanadium, which catalyse the breakdown of large hydrocarbon molecules into methane.

The geologist started to investigate the idea three years ago, and last year produced gas containing a greater proportion of methane by heating a mixture of large hydrocarbon molecules, hydrogen and carbon - rich rocks to 190 °C for several days.

Some of these hydrocarbons are very light, like methane gas — just a single carbon molecule attached to three hydrogen molecules.

It will also study solid and gaseous samples for other chemical signs of past or present life, such as a very high abundance ratio of methane to heavier hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, butane) and chirality (a preference for either left - handed or right - handed organic molecules).

Using the same technique, a few years later they succeeded in distinguishing different types of chemical bond between carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule.

Some of those large molecules are like small sheets of graphite with hydrogen attached to them: we call these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and they can be found in terrestrial counterparts like mothballs, for example.

Webb will enable mapping of organic molecules — called hydrocarbons — across the disks of Uranus and Neptune for the first time, providing insight into the thermodynamics, chemistry, and circulation within these two atmospheres.

Wind direction on Titan is difficult to measure remotely because Titan's upper atmosphere consists of an orange haze of hydrocarbons (molecules of hydrogen and carbon) with no global features that show movement.

HIPWAC measures the very slight color (frequency) change of the hydrocarbon's infrared light caused by the motion of these molecules as they are carried by Titan's winds.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

Here is the reason why: A gasoline (petrol) molecule is made up as such: C8H18 (or 8 Carbon atoms and 18 Hydrogen atoms) Energy is obtained from the combustion of it by the conversion of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water.

Any individual hydrocarbon molecule in your gasoline might contain six, or seven, or eight, or etc. atoms of Carbon, and each ONE of those Carbon atoms can create a molecule of CO2, when combined with Oxygen gas.

Gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons (molecules mostly made of carbon and hydrogen atoms).

The series of molecules vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group; CH (3)- (CH (2)-RRB- n - OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol).

Natural gas liquids (NGLs) are hydrocarbons — in the same family of molecules as natural gas and crude oil, composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen.

This technology would enable the conversion of conventional hydrocarbons into highly - efficient hydrogen molecules underneath the hood for use in a fuel cell that would emit only water vapor from the tailpipe.

The rapid oxidation of the elements of hydrocarbons into oxide molecules.

Bitumen is made of hydrocarbons — the same molecules in liquid oil — and is used to produce gasoline and other petroleum products.

It is known that larger hydrocarbon molecules like ethane and propane can also form hydrates, although longer molecules (butanes, pentanes) can not fit into the water cage structure and tend to destabilise the formation of hydrates.

PNNL scientists found that secondary organic aerosols formed in the presence of the toxic pollutant known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) trapped the PAH molecules inside, shielding them from degradation.