Sentences with phrase «of hydrogen molecules in»

The new phase has two very different types of hydrogen molecules in its structure.

Walter and his colleagues rely on carbon monoxide, whose presence reliably indicates the existence of hydrogen molecules in the region in question, and even allows to infer the amount of molecular hydrogen.

Studies of hydrogen molecules in the Venusian atmosphere by NASA's Pioneer - Venus probe indicate that the planet once had liquid water on its surface, perhaps even expansive oceans.

The researchers also demonstrated microscale MRI images in a micro-reactor using parahydrogen, a state of the hydrogen molecule in which the nuclei are aligned in opposite directions.

Not exact matches

Really easy actually, in an infinate universe, the speed of gases, for example hydrogen and oxygen molecules, continues to build there is no «matter» to slow them down.

For example, what must be the nature of physical existents such that the composite, the molecule of water, not only consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, but that they are at a particular distance from each other and in a particular three - dimensional pattern?

Their composition is largely dependent on hydrogen atoms in the molecules, and the ability of these to create hydrogen bonds with other elements.

Peroxidases can produce highly reactive oxidized molecules in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen molecules aren't the best coolant, but they are good enough to enable giant gas clouds, millions of times as massive as the sun, to fall in on themselves.

The hydrogen - bearing material is volatile (easily vaporized), and may be in the form of water molecules (two hydrogen atoms bound to an oxygen atom) or hydroxyl molecules (an oxygen bound to a hydrogen) that are loosely bound to the lunar surface.

It's a sociable molecule consisting of four hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms linked in the chemical equivalent of a double handshake.

Sung June Cho, a chemist at the Korean Institute of Energy Research in Taejon, suspected that the storage capabilities of nanotubes could result in part from their ability to conduct electrical charges, which may help hydrogen molecules adhere.

In principle, the wave function, denoted by Greek letter psi, can be used to reveal these energy levels for any given atom or molecule, although in practice this has only been done for the very simplest — the hydrogen atom and molecule (made of two hydrogen atoms bonded togetherIn principle, the wave function, denoted by Greek letter psi, can be used to reveal these energy levels for any given atom or molecule, although in practice this has only been done for the very simplest — the hydrogen atom and molecule (made of two hydrogen atoms bonded togetherin practice this has only been done for the very simplest — the hydrogen atom and molecule (made of two hydrogen atoms bonded together).

When the team applied the technique to a sample of the organic molecule PTCDA, not only did the molecules show up in intricate detail, an electrical signal was also detected between them (coloured green below), at exactly the locations where hydrogen bonds are present (Journal of the American Chemical Society, DOI: 10.1021 / ja104332t).

And maps of slow - moving neutrons collected by NASA's Lunar Prospector, which orbited the moon in 1998 and 1999, suggested a number of craters are rich in hydrogen, though it was not clear whether the hydrogen was bound in water molecules or was present in some other form.

Like hydrogen, oxygen, and iodine, nitrogen normally exists as two - atom molecules in the form of a gas at room temperature.

Dust found in the ice gives a record of what was in the air thousands of years ago, whether from volcanic eruptions or human activity, and the isotopic composition of the hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the snow give a record of the temperature of the earth at the time.

This hot gas excited the cool, five - kilometer - per - second breeze of hydrogen molecules and heavier elements emanating from Mira, causing it to glow in the ultraviolet.

What differentiates this process from tradition biofuel production is the infusion of hydrogen — it removes the dilutive oxygen that most biofuels contain, leaving only the combustible isoparaffins and paraffins, which are indistinguishable from the molecules in refined petroleum.The only byproduct of the process is propane, which can be reintroduced into the production loop as a source of hydrogen.

The rays do this by causing molecules in the ring known as amide groups to shuffle from opposite sides of the carbon bond to the same side, loosening hydrogen bonds in the process.

«The physical and chemical processes that follow radiolysis release molecular hydrogen (H2), which is a molecule of astrobiological interest,» said Alexis Bouquet, lead author of the study published in the May edition of Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Complex organic molecules, consisting of carbon bonded with other elements like oxygen and hydrogen, are common in the Milky Way, but it was uncertain whether they would be produced in certain dwarf galaxies like the neighboring Large Magellanic Cloud.

Led by physicist Roberto Serra of the Federal University of ABC in Santo André, Brazil, the experimenters manipulated molecules of chloroform, which are made of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine atoms.

At the American Physical Society meeting in March scientists reported that our makeup of complex molecules based on carbon and hydrogen is no fluke and that precursors to terrestrial life's distinctive chemistry apparently abound in distant space.

The team looked at the alignment of the spins of carbon and hydrogen nuclei in molecules of methyl iodide.

The scientists prepared the molecules so that the temperature — judged by the probability of an atom's nucleus being found in a higher energy state — was greater for the hydrogen nucleus than for the carbon.

Next, Agee and his colleagues used a laser to extract water molecules trapped within minerals in the meteorite and fed them into a mass spectrometer to calculate the ratio of deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, to ordinary hydrogen.

The small molecule consisting of two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms, it is a basic building block in the manufacture of a wide range of basic chemicals, polymers and plasticisers.

In aqueous fluids, amino acid residues that have polar sidechains — components that can have a charge under certain physiological conditions or that participate in hydrogen bonding — tend to be located on the surface of the protein where they can interact with water, which has negatively and positively side charges to its moleculIn aqueous fluids, amino acid residues that have polar sidechains — components that can have a charge under certain physiological conditions or that participate in hydrogen bonding — tend to be located on the surface of the protein where they can interact with water, which has negatively and positively side charges to its moleculin hydrogen bonding — tend to be located on the surface of the protein where they can interact with water, which has negatively and positively side charges to its molecule.

Kourosh Kalantar - Zadeh, an engineer at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia, and his colleagues built plastic capsules about 2.5 centimeters long — about as long as a Jolly Rancher hard candy — that sniff out carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen gas molecules in the gut.

«As in our own atmosphere, where ultraviolet sunlight breaks molecules apart, ultraviolet starlight can break water vapour in the atmospheres of exoplanets into hydrogen and oxygen.»

He has spent his career focused on just one bond, a link between a carbon and a hydrogen atom in a molecule of methane, the main component of natural gas.

That's because during evaporation, water molecules containing deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen made of one proton and one neutron, get left behind in the ocean.

Steve: Hydrogen is H2 but once you start with CO2 or CH4 with methane or H2O and water vapor or O3 in ozone, the fact that you have three atoms in your molecule gives you a much wider variety of vibrational modes to...

Low energy neutrons indicate the presence of hydrogen, the dominant molecule in water and ice.

It turned out that the negative compressibility of sodium amidoborane crystals has to be a consequence of the elongation of the chemical bonds between nitrogen and hydrogen and boron and nitrogen, caused by the abrupt formation of new hydrogen bonds between adjacent molecules in the crystal.

These weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and π - π interactions, govern the assembly of everything from DNA in its famous double helix to the bonding of H2O molecules in liquid water.

Scientists are using a pioneering method of «caging» and cooling water molecules to study the change in orientation of the magnetic nuclei at the centre of each hydrogen atom — a process which transforms the molecule from one form of water to another.

The trick is that the bromine and chlorine atoms in the halon molecule — the very ones that are so damaging to the stratospheric ozone — are also incredibly aggressive scavengers of hydrogen atoms, which are key to maintaining a combustion chain reaction.

In a hair strand, the keratin molecules are mainly held together by two forces: chemical cross-links between cysteines (a type of amino acid) and weaker hydrogen bonds.

The amalgamation of these techniques provided a fully characterized structure, one in which the dissolved carbon dioxide acts as a hydrophobe, having formed only very weak hydrogen bonds to the surrounding water molecules.

Using spectral readings from telescopes at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, Hand has found high levels of oxidative chemicals such as sulfate, oxygen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide on Europa's surface, which are produced as ionizing radiation from Jupiter scours it, splitting apart water molecules and sulfur compounds in the uppermost layers of its ice.

The team thinks one reason their technique is so efficient is that a chemical reaction between the hydrogen plasma and air molecules in the chamber's atmosphere generates cyano radicals — carbon - nitrogen molecules that have been stripped of their electrons.

Experiments with this DNA origami positioning device showed that it could be capable of precisely placing molecules, adjusting the distance between them in steps as small as the radius of a hydrogen atom.

UV radiation can break apart water molecules in the atmosphere and even cause hydrogen and oxygen atoms to be lost to space, depleting a planet of water.

On a yellow pad, Blackwell draws a portrait for me of a prototypical quorum - sensing signal molecule: a ring of carbon atoms attached to some hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms, trailing off in a long tail composed of more carbon atoms.

For each type of biofuel, nearly all the fuel was converted and about 70 percent of the hydrogen bound up in the fuel molecules was given off as gas, the researchers report in this week's Science.

That's because the core of making jet biofuel is much the same as the core of making conventional fuel: hydroprocessing, or the adding of hydrogen to existing hydrocarbons in order to remove oxygen and other impurities as well as build the right molecule.

It turns out that the answer lies in the interaction between the bonds that hold the atoms in the water molecule together and the much weaker bonds, known as hydrogen bonds, that are the glue holding groups of water molecules together.

The researchers detected molecules of carbon monoxide and two forms of hydrogen in the clouds, they report today in Astronomy & Astrophysics.