Harnessing the power
of hydrogenase could be key for creating renewable energy.
In nature, hydrogen (H2) molecules store energy and release it as needed with the aid
of hydrogenase enzymes.
When they put it all together and infected salmonella bacteria with the remade viruses, the new guide proteins helped assemble the spheres and inserted roughly 100 copies
of the hydrogenase into the interior of each one.
But with microbes, it is possible to intervene genetically in ways that encourage the activation
of hydrogenase enzymes.
Not exact matches
Instead
of contacting the
hydrogenase directly to the electrode, an immobilization in a redox hydrogel shall protect the construct.
Under working conditions the hydrogel - modified fuel cell is able to convert chemical energy from hydrogen into electrical energy over several weeks, while in absence
of the hydrogel, the
hydrogenase is deactivated within seconds.
Normally, no
hydrogenase (a natural enzyme that promotes the formation
of gaseous hydrogen) is involved in the process.
In fact, as the team reports, the setup increased the efficiency
of H2 production 100-fold over previous attempts with
hydrogenases.
«If knocking out this other
hydrogenase also drastically reduces long - term survival, the enzyme might end up being an excellent next - generation drug target in latent TB infections, which around one - third
of the world's population suffer.
They observed the structure
of specific enzymes —
hydrogenases — to understand how they could accomplish hydrogenation using simple, Earth - abundant materials.
«After looking at
hydrogenases, we wanted to check if we could make artificial molecules that mimics these enzymes using the same type
of common materials, like iron and manganese,» explained Dr. Abhishek Dubey, the first author
of this study.
So they genetically engineered Xanthobacter, giving them an enzyme called a
hydrogenase, which allows them to feed on H2 to make a form
of cellular energy called ATP.
The basic reaction catalyzed by the
hydrogenases is the interconversion
of H2 molecules and protons and electrons (H2 ⇔ 2H + +2 e --RRB-.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory catalysis scientists Dr. Wendy Shaw and Dr. Monte Helm led a workshop on
hydrogenase mimics, important components
of fuel cells that catalyze hydrogen production and use.
Because the
hydrogenases found in nature don't last as long as ones that are built out
of tougher chemicals (think paper versus plastic), the researchers wanted to pull out the active portion
of the biological
hydrogenase and redesign it with a stable chemical backbone.
«We looked at the
hydrogenase and asked what is the important part
of this?»
Hydrogenases are natural catalysts that drive the reversible conversion
of protons into hydrogen.
The program focuses on development
of transition - metal complexes that are inspired by the natural photosynthetic enzymes such as nitrogenases,
hydrogenases, and the oxygen - evolving complex
of photosystem II with the goal
of designing catalysts that are chemically stable, active, and highly selective for specific chemical targets.
Schematic representation
of a bio fuel cell involving
hydrogenase and laccase enzymes.