Sentences with phrase «of hydrological»

Conversely, destruction of forests leads to disruption of the hydrological cycle, which expectedly causes significant fluctuations of the magnitude of the global greenhouse effect, up to complete loss of climate stability and transition of Earth's climate to a state incompatible with life.

When done so, proxy records and climate models indicate that the response to past global warming was profound, with evidence for global reorganisation of the hydrological cycle and profound local increases and decreases in rainfall; combined with elevated temperatures and terrestrial vegetation change, this appears to often result in warming - enhanced soil organic matter oxidation, chemical weathering and nutrient cycling.

Role of the hydrological cycle in regulating the planetary climate system in a simple nonlinear dynamical model.

There are a diverse range of biological and geochemical signatures that can be interpreted as direct or indirect indicators of hydrological change.

Human activities are exerting pressure on the environment with consequences such as global climate change, disruption of the hydrological cycle and impacts on water catchments.

There have been some misunderstanding regarding the enhanced warming in the upper troposphere — mistakenly taken as being inconsistent with the climate models, or taken as the «finger print» of GHE, rather than as a plausible consequence predicted for an enhanced GHE due to the perturbation of the hydrological cycle (the «finger print» - misconception assumes that the models are perfect).

Stephen Wilde is quite correct in pointing to evaporation from the oceans and the rate of the hydrological cycle as the pre-eminent regulator of surface temperatures on Earth in his conceptual «model.»

I say this seems at odds with your statement «The observed climate is just the equilibrium response to such variations with the positions of the air circulation systems and the speed of the hydrological cycle always adjusting to bring energy differentials above and below the troposphere back towards equilibrium (Wilde's Law?).»

The intensification of the hydrological cycle, with increased freshwater discharge, may also lead to decreased pH, although this effect may be partially compensated by increased alkalinity export, depending on land use changes.

Large Scale Effects of Seasonal Snow Cover, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 166, 291 - 304.

viii) The speed of the hydrological cycle globally is the main thermostat in the troposphere.

Instead the speed of the hydrological cycle changes to a miniscule and unmeasurable extent in order to maintain sea surface and surface air temperature equilibrium.

The air circulation systems in both hemispheres move back equatorward and the ITCZ moves nearer the equator as the speed of the hydrological cycle decreases due to the warming stratosphere reducing the temperature differential between stratosphere and surface.

It is a given that the existing models do not fully incorporate data or mechanisms involving cloudiness or global albedo (reflectivity) variations or variations in the speed of the hydrological cycle and that the variability in the temperatures of the ocean surfaces and the overall ocean energy content are barely understood and wholly inadequately quantified in the infant attempts at coupled ocean / atmosphere models.

The expansion and contraction locally within the troposphere relates to the speed of the hydrological cycle which is a seperate issue.

The air circulation systems in both hemispheres move poleward and the ITCZ moves further north of the equator as the speed of the hydrological cycle increases due to the cooler stratosphere increasing the temperature differential between stratosphere and surface.

I have previously described why the solar effect on climate is not as generally thought but for convenience I will summarise the issue here because it will help readers to follow the logic of the NCM.Variations in total solar power output on timescales relevant to human existence are tiny and are generally countered by a miniscule change in the speed of the hydrological cycle as described above.

All I contend is that sun and oceans together with the variable speed of the hydrological cycle assisted by the latitudinal movements of the air circulation systems and the vertical movement of the tropopause overwhelmingly provide the background trend and combine to prevent changes in the air alone changing the Earth's equilibrium temperature.

In any event those changes in the temperature of the Earth as a whole are tiny as a result of the rapid modulating effect of changes in the speed of the hydrological cycle and the speed of the flow of radiated energy to space that always seeks to match the energy value of the whole spectrum of energy coming in from the sun.

As regards the second point you have to remember that the return of energy reaching the surface is primarily affected by the speed of the hydrological cycle and by the extent of water penetration and some of the water penetration takes the period of the thermohaline circulation to resurface.

The observed climate is just the equilibrium response to such variations with the positions of the air circulation systems and the speed of the hydrological cycle always adjusting to bring energy differentials above and below the troposphere back towards equilibrium (Wilde's Law?).

Instead the speed of the hydrological cycle changes to a minuscule and unmeasurable extent in order to maintain sea surface and surface air temperature equilibrium.

ix) The faint sun paradox is explained by the effectiveness of changes in the speed of the hydrological cycle.

Below the tropopause the behaviour of the oceans and the speed of the hydrological cycle will suffice but that won't have much effect above the tropopause.

«Consistent with previous analyses (see e.g. Montanari, 2012; Zanchettini et al., 2008),» they write, «our trend detection analysis, which we carried out on long historical series observed for the Po river, does not detect any evidence of a statistically significant change in the flood hazard along the Po river and supports the stationarity of the hydrological series during the period of interest (i.e., last five decades).»

In summary, their extensive analysis of the hydrological evidence does not comport with the simulated findings of the most advanced CO2 - centric climate models available (surprise, surprise).

The effect of this is continued shredding of the ozone layer and a total disruption of the hydrological cycle.

Besides this study, there are robust theory and modeling results that show increased risk of hydrological extremes (floods and droughts) and heat - related problems.

Richard Millar is working on the geoengineering project aiming to model and understand the impacts of various geoengineering scenarios on aspects of the hydrological cycle.

At this point I am happy to let you describe a speeding up of the hydrological cycle, but perhaps not here because it's quite off topic.

Constraining the response of the hydrological cycle, land surface and regional weather to global climate change.

Consequently, accurate prediction of soil moisture is crucial for simulation of the hydrological cycle, of soil and vegetation biochemistry, including the cycling of carbon and nutrients, and of ecosystem structure and distribution as well as climate.

How important are differences between land cover reconstructions for our understanding of hydrological change?

How important are current differences between land cover reconstructions for our understanding of hydrological change?

Since the CO2 looses 4.7 watts emission in a century, the earth accumulates this over the century raising temperature by 0.012 C / yr while the random chaos of the hydrological system with its raising temperature will radiate an additional power of 0.047 watts / year with its atmospheric water vapor temperature rise.

Our study has identified soil water predictability even beyond the interannual timescales, thus extending the potential predictive range of hydrological conditions over North America to almost a decade.

I indeed used the generalized entropy to describe the marginal distribution of hydrological variables, after having failed with standard entropy, particularly on the distribution tail.

Koutsoyiannis, D., Uncertainty, entropy, scaling and hydrological stochastics, 1, Marginal distributional properties of hydrological processes and state scaling, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 50 (3), 381 — 404, 2005,

Estimation of potential population affected (PA) and expected damage (ED) of river floods in Europe in the current climate, through a combination of hydrological and high - resolution (100 m) hydraulic modeling.

(quoted from Koutsoyiannis, D., & Z. W. Kundzewicz, Editorial — Quantifying the impact of hydrological studies, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 52 (1), 3 - 17, 2007; open access in http://www.atypon-link.com/IAHS/doi/abs/10.1623/hysj.52.1.3, which contains also the data that support this statement).

While it is tempting to attribute the unexplained sea ice trends to other factors such as increased upwelling of relatively warm circumpolar deepwater (Thoma et al. 2008), an intensification of the hydrological cycle and increased ocean stratification (Liu and Curry 2010), or eastward propagation of sea ice anomalies (Holland et al. 2005), the observed northerly wind trends (Fig. 5a) are qualitatively consistent with the decrease in sea ice in the 30 ° W — 60 ° W sector.

Koutsoyiannis, D., Uncertainty, entropy, scaling and hydrological stochastics, 2, Time dependence of hydrological processes and time scaling, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 50 (3), 405 — 426, 2005.

Comment on «Biotic pump of atmospheric moisture as driver of the hydrological cycle on land» by A. M. Makarieva and V. G. Gorshkov, Hydrol.

But then see also the replies here Makarieva, A. M. and Gorshkov, V. G.: Reply to A. G. C. A. Meesters et al.'s comment on «Biotic pump of atmospheric moisture as driver of the hydrological cycle on land», Hydrol.

No significant imbalance occurs despite large changes in the rate of energy release by the oceans and significant changes in the speed of the hydrological cycle via changes in the air circulation systems.

Makarieva A.M., Gorshkov V.G. (2007) Biotic pump of atmospheric moisture as driver of the hydrological cycle on land.

Assessing the role of uncertain precipitation estimates on the robustness of hydrological model parameters under highly variable climate conditions.

A theoretically expected consequence of the intensification of the hydrological cycle under global warming is that on average, wet regions get wetter and dry regions get drier (WWDD).

Methodological advances since the TAR have focused on exploring the effects of different ways of downscaling from the climate model scale to the catchment scale (e.g., Wood et al., 2004), the use of regional climate models to create scenarios or drive hydrological models (e.g., Arnell et al., 2003; Shabalova et al., 2003; Andreasson et al., 2004; Meleshko et al., 2004; Payne et al., 2004; Kay et al., 2006b; Fowler et al., 2007; Graham et al., 2007a, b; Prudhomme and Davies, 2007), ways of applying scenarios to observed climate data (Drogue et al., 2004), and the effect of hydrological model uncertainty on estimated impacts of climate change (Arnell, 2005).

The variation over time of the hydrological variables and temperature are shown below for averages over land areas for NW, NE, SW and SE Europe.