Sentences with phrase «of ice algae»

Among the zooplankton, detritivorous components of the small size fraction (< 1000 μm) fed and reproduced actively during the same period whereas the large fraction resumed high metabolic activity in late March, well before the spring release of ice algae and phytoplankton bloom.

At least four key findings from these projects relating to arctic heterotrophic food web, pelagic - benthic coupling and biodiversity have emerged: (1) Contrary to a long - standing paradigm of dormant ecosystems during the long arctic winter, major food web components showed relatively high level of winter activity, well before the spring release of ice algae and subsequent phytoplankton bloom.

The ice is an important factor in the strength of the spring phytoplankton bloom and for the growth of ice algae, which are both important food sources for krill, which in turn are the main food source for the region's penguins, whales and seals.

However, should these changes involve extinction of key species — such as polar bears, walruses, ice - dependent seals and more than 1,000 species of ice algae — the changes could represent a point of no return.»

Williamson is part of a five - year project investigating the impact of ice algae, which is different than snow algae, and bacteria on the Greenland ice sheet (SN: 5/20/00, p. 328).

Not exact matches

Such coatings, which are technically called super-hydrophobic coatings, help keep vehicles and devices clear of ice, algae and other unwanted stuff.

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Seeing these discouraging results, Woodruff and colleague Lonnie Shea, a materials scientist, suggested suspending individual immature follicles in tiny beads of alginate, a substance derived from brown algae and commonly used as an ice cream thickener.

Levels of CO2 also shift seasonally, changing as leaves drop in fall and ice forms in winter or as animals go through their life cycles, and even daily, rising at night due to temperature changes and algae's inability to photosynthesize at night.

The snow algae specialist comments on the study: «For the first time ever, researchers have investigated the large - scale effect of microorganisms on the melting of snow and ice the Arctic.»

There have been hints that there's more biological productivity in the Arctic Ocean than once suspected (perhaps helped along by climate change): In 2012, scientists reported seeing massive blooms of algae proliferating under the sea ice.

Now, the robot's first findings are already helping scientists piece together more of this previously hidden under - ice food web, including more evidence of the under - ice algae, as well as tiny copepods, ctenophores (jellyfish), predatory marine worms called arrow worms, and abundant amounts of large floating slime balls, known to scientists as larvaceans.

The ice algae seem to be one of the major players in this scheme — even the slight increase of the atmospheric temperature and liquid water production seems to promote algae colonization across the ice surface.

Only in the past few years have scientists begun to realize that some of the dark particles on the ice sheet are in fact these ice algae and not soot, Benning says.

But enormous blooms of photosynthetic algae also cover the snow - strewn ice sheet every summer.

And at high global latitudes, cold lakes normally covered by ice in the winter are seeing less ice year after year — a change that could affect all parts of the food web, from algae to freshwater seals.

A subsequent isotope analysis makes it possible to determine the precise percentage of ice - algae carbon in the fish's diet.

Perhaps, says Hayward, bryozoan larvae feed on algae that grow on the underside of sea ice; then they might accidentally surface when the ice breaks up in summer, before sinking to the bottom for good.

«When we find the fatty acids from the ice algae in the meat or tissues of a fish, it tells us the fish or its prey must have fed on the algae,» says Kohlbach.

In a second step, the researchers confirmed the presence of carbon from the ice algae in the fish.

Sunlight that penetrates the ice is also critical for algae and plankton of the Arctic Ocean.

The new evidence does not reveal what quantity of ice melted, says Gard, «just that (some) open water must have existed, permitting algae to live».

Since the biomarker groups they investigated are based on algae — i.e., on plants that require light for photosynthesis — the absence of both groups is an important indicator of a very thick and largely contiguous ice cover.

Because algae need light for photosynthesis, Gard deduced that when they were alive the ice cover must have cleared for at least part of the summer.

Some of these biomarkers are produced by certain species of algae, among which one group can only be found in open surface water, while the members of another group only live in sea ice (or did so in the Earth's distant past).

These include Arctic cod and capelin, while krill and Calanus finmarchicus are replaced by Arctic amphipoda (another group of crustacean zooplankton), which live on ice algae which are also absent from Atlantic water.

She found that the krill — whose diets consist primarily of algae — caught in the ice - related zones with high concentrations of IPSO25 and HBI III were remarkably healthy compared with their peers.

By the end of the test, snow that got extra algae was three times as likely to have melted to slush or down to a layer of ice beneath it.

Then they ramped up levels of CO2 to see how the algae would respond to the resulting warming, the extra carbon dioxide itself, and changes in sea ice.

Scientists already know that receding sea ice allows solar energy to warm exposed water rather than reflect back into space, but blooms of algae could make matters even worse.

Microscopic algae living underneath sea ice are an essential source of food in the Arctic ocean.

A living carpet of algae, dust and wind - blown soot is darkening the Greenland Ice Sheet and exacerbating melting as Arctic temperatures rise.

Especially when they are young, krill feed on algae that live on the underside of sea ice.

As I only had a little bit of room left, I opted for a scoop of the superfood chocolate creamy ice cream (with an almond milk base) dotted with hemp, chia, blue green algae, macadamia nuts and more.

Tiny algae called Marine Snow located under the ice in Antarctica may hold the key to understanding the food chain for a huge part of the ocean.

Warm Weather Hazards • Animal toxins — toads, insects, spiders, snakes and scorpions • Blue - green algae in ponds • Citronella candles • Cocoa mulch • Compost piles Fertilizers • Flea products • Outdoor plants and plant bulbs • Swimming - pool treatment supplies • Fly baits containing methomyl • Slug and snail baits containing metaldehyde Medication Common examples of human medications that can be potentially lethal to pets, even in small doses, include: • Pain killers • Cold medicines • Anti-cancer drugs • Antidepressants • Vitamins • Diet Pills Cold Weather Hazards • Antifreeze • Liquid potpourri • Ice melting products • Rat and mouse bait Common Household Hazards • Fabric softener sheets • Mothballs • Post-1982 pennies (due to high concentration of zinc) Holiday Hazards • Christmas tree water (may contain fertilizers and bacteria, which can upset the stomach.

to develop a more accurate curve of sea level rise that followed the last ice age and to determine if any correlation exists between the effects of Saharan dust storms and algae blooms.

The basic problem is the 35 % overload of GHGs, mostly carbon dioxide, already on the globe already melting ice packs, altering corals to lose their carbon dioxide trapping algae and causing worsening weather among other things.

Re # 49 & # 82 The limitations on the growth of algae in the arctic varies with the season, the effect of sea - ice melting is not as certain as Harold would have us believe: http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2005JC002922.shtml http://www.nurp.noaa.gov/Spotlight/ArcticIce.htm

Sea ice is critical for polar marine ecosystems in at least two important ways: (1) it provides a habitat for photosynthetic algae and nursery ground for invertebrates and fish during times when the water column does not support phytoplankton growth; and (2) as the ice melts, releasing organisms into the surface water [3], a shallow mixed layer forms which fosters large ice - edge blooms important to the overall productivity of polar seas.

The krill feed on an algae called phytoplankton that grows on the underside of sea ice.

(Some people have suggested replacing lost sea ice with artificial floes, but this would be unlikely to work because algae — the basis of the entire food chain that ultimately provides seals for the bears — grows only on real ice.)

''... Through a series of processes involving, among others, ice ages, ocean algae, and weathering rock, the earth has managed to keep the amount of heat - trapping carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and hence the temperature, at a relatively stable level.

In a core of sediments taken from the sea floor that was once covered by the Larsen A Ice Shelf, researchers led by Dr. Eugene W. Domack, a professor of geology at Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., found the tiny fossils of marine algae.

As they warm and as the sea ice retreats, larger areas are freed for invasion by major blooms of algae and other microbes.

From historic droughts around the world and in places like California, Syria, Brazil and Iran to inexorably increasing glacial melt; from an expanding blight of fish killing and water poisoning algae blooms in lakes, rivers and oceans to a growing rash of global record rainfall events; and from record Arctic sea ice volume losses approaching 80 percent at the end of the summer of 2012 to a rapidly thawing permafrost zone explosively emitting an ever - increasing amount of methane and CO2, it's already a disastrous train - wreck.

These authors postulated an extended Barents Sea Ice Sheet, the western part of the huge Eurasian Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -Ice Sheet, the western part of the huge Eurasian Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -Ice Sheet51, 55, that had reached the shelf edge causing polynya - like open - water conditions (triggered by strong katabatic winds) with phytoplankton and sea ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 -ice algae production, subglacial meltwater outflow and the deposition of suspended material on the slope at site PS2138 - 2.

After a period with maximum extension of the ESCIS covering the southern Lomonosov Ridge (including the area of cores PS2757 - 8 and PS87 / 086 -3) and causing ice - shelf grounding (ice rise) with no ice algae production underneath (Fig. 6, Scenario 1), the ice shelf started to retreat.

Our biomarker proxy records indicate at least occasionally open - water conditions, i.e., an ice edge situation, that allowed phytoplankton and ice algae production as well as increased flux of terrigenous matter (Fig. 5a; cf., Supplementary Fig. 1).

The occurrence of phytoplankton, sea ice algae and terrigenous biomarkers are indicated by green stars, yellow stars and orange rhombs, respectively.