Sentences with phrase «of ice cover»

That is why we have the sensitive instrument suite on the plane: to map the intricacies of the ice cover which may otherwise be invisible to us and to quantify parameters for scientific interpretation.»

The amount of first - year sea ice continues to increase, accounting for 78 % of the ice cover in March 2013.

The team established a group of un-manned scientific platforms, collectively called an observatory, to record data throughout the remainder of the year on everything from the salinity of the water to the thickness and temperature of the ice cover.

A graph of annual maximum ice cover for Lake Erie (available from the NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab) does support the claim that the lake does not freeze over as much as in the past but as is the case with readily available temperatures it may be the duration and timing of ice cover that affect crop dormancy.

By spreading sea ice westward and a little northward (and since we measure extent with a 15 % cutoff) the gradual trend towards faster mean winds means a gradual trend toward spreading of the ice cover.

There has been a reduction of the ice cover over the last 10 years of about 100 000 sq km per year on average, so a drop of 1 million sq km in just one year is extreme.

Between 1936 and 2006, this mountain lost close to 80 percent of its ice cover.

It has already begun: the area of ice cover in the Arctic in September 2008 (4.52 mln.

The normal CO2 sinks shut down in freezing conditions but volcanoes continue belching it out into the atmosphere regardless of amount of ice cover on land & ocean.

The data might be sensitive to changes of ice cover in the seas near Greenland, or to a local shift of the ice cap's glacial flow.

Very warm conditions continued in the Kara and Barents seas, with temperatures as much as 3 to 6 degrees Celsius (5 to 11 degrees Fahrenheit) above average, consistent with the retreat of the ice cover to the northern edge of the Svalbard, Franz Josef, and New Siberian Islands.

For example, it remains unclear how the contraction of ice cover would affect the migration routes of animals (such as whales) that follow the ice front.

Although few humans live in the Arctic, the disappearance of this ice cover can have effects far beyond the few residents and the wildlife of this harsh region.

While melt onset at Barrow was as early as it has been observed in the past 15 years with near complete snow melt in April, a cooler May and June with additional snowfall and few meltponds have pushed back complete melt of the ice cover.

«The youngest, thinnest ice, which has survived only one or two melt season, now makes up 80 percent of the ice cover,» the NSIDC said in its statement.

In contrast, the Antarctic has very little multiyear sea ice and most of the ice cover melts away completely each summer.

That a simple warming trend throughout the 20th century does not characterise arctic conditions is also confirmed by records of ice cover in the four seas that lie north of Siberia (Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi); these show clearly that ice variability in these seas is dominated by a low frequency oscillation of frequency 60 ‐ 80 years that «places a strong limitation on our ability to resolve long term trends».

Evidence is strong about the impacts of sea ice loss.5 Because the sea ice cover plays such a strong role in human activities and Arctic ecosystems, loss of the ice cover is nearly certain to have substantial impacts.13

We've only had satellite measures of ice cover since 1980.

For example, the dramatic decline of summer sea ice in the Arctic — a loss of ice cover roughly equal to half the area of the continental United States — exacerbates global warming by reducing the reflectivity of Earth's surface and increasing the amount of heat absorbed.

They used drones to take aerial images of the ice cover, and satellite data from the Canadian Ice Service to track sea ice movements back in time.

The fractal properties of the ice cover and its extreme variability strongly influence the atmosphere - ocean interactions and the dynamics of the Arctic marine ecosystems.

For statistical reasons, involving the days of ice cover, the Arctic Ocean was not included in this study.

The loss of ice cover means that the Arctic will warm even more rapidly than before, threatening

There are many factors at play reducing the amount of ice cover in the Arctic.

Barber and colleagues report about the masking of different signatures of old ice (first - year ice and multiyear ice that survived summer melt) in the Beaufort Sea with potential implications for assessing the extent and state of the ice cover.

The preconditioning and the state of ice cover in spring is clearly useful for prediction, even if we can't predict the weather patterns.

While total extent and the general distribution of the ice cover is similar to last year, the atmospheric patterns are quite different.

Rapid retreat of the ice cover in the Kara Sea and early melt out of Hudson Bay contributed to this new record low.

Field observations and a drifting buoy tracking through the region also reveal that widespread refreezing of surface ice meltwater as it comes into contact with colder, more saline seawater, has added ice layers to the bottom of floes, slowing down thinning and melt of the ice cover.

Absent a record amount of ice cover this summer the Arctic ocean is now dumping a record amount of heat to space and the rate of ice formation is at a record pace and ice cover is already greater now than it was at this time in 2007.

Adaptation will be required to maintain freshwater transportation networks with the loss of ice cover (high confidence).

A recent example of this is the debate that has arisen about the interactions between the jet stream and blocking events and the degree of ice cover in the Arctic.

This has never happened before because the sea ice never retreated very much in the summer and the water temperature could not rise above zero because of the ice cover... The permafrost is acting as a cap for a very large amount of methane (CH4), which is sitting in the sediments underneath in the form of methane hydrates.

Instead of reducing the area of ice cover in the Arctic is actually observed in 1979 - 2007 gg.

What, if anything, does extent (area) tell us about the volume, or mass (which is the only metric that really matters), of the ice cover?

The loss of ice cover on the Great Lakes has both ecological and economic implications.

Likewise NOAA's 2014 Arctic Report card also stated the «coverage of multiyear ice in March 2014 increased to 31 % of the ice cover from the previous year's value of 22 %.»

Currently, the NASA IceBridge mission supplies both sea ice thickness and snow depth measurements in spring, providing timely information on the state of the ice cover as the melt season begins.

Diminution of ice cover will greatly impact the regional and global climate.

At the end of the summer, a record - breaking 86 % of ice cover was less than two years old; ice older than five years has all but disappeared.

[But] we are losing the thick component of the ice cover,» he said.

they wrote.49 In addition to smaller areas and briefer periods of ice cover, they expect thinner ice, smaller floe sizes, more open water, more ice drift and changes in the nature of snow cover.

The wind patterns in the Arctic during January and February were also unfavorable to ice growth because they brought warm air from the south and prevented expansion of the ice cover.

The loss of ice cover not only means that more open water will be around to directly warm the air into the Arctic night, but that more water vapor will be around to hold heat in.

The weight of the ice cover compressed land that now is tending to rise to the earlier level.

It doesn't have to be CO2 — in this case it's seasonal insolation changes which cause an expansion of ice cover which cause a change in the planet's overall albedo.

In the area of Gulf of Bothnia the thickness of the ice cover was about three kilometres.

Any change in a single year — no matter what the variable — can not generally be linked to climate change, although the ice losses in 2007 and 2008 would not have happened without the long - term warming and thinning of the ice cover.

Furthermore, Prof. Slingo rejected data which shows a decline in Arctic sea ice volume of 75 % and also rejected the possibility that further decreases may cause an immediate collapse of ice cover.