Mr. Gore showed those videos
of ice retreating in Antarctica.
It's also true that this summer saw the most rapid rates
of ice retreat yet:
OK, so are we not only looking for areas
of ice retreat (which is obvious), but also getting a handle on the proportion of global ice that is in the I'm - Busy - doing - the - Absorbing - Latent - Heat - of - Fusion - Thing state?
There is a shared mechanism at work that has emerged from the detailed observations of a number of researchers, that is the key to the onset and progression
of the ice retreat.
They also found that 67 percent of the variance for the date at which ice advances back to the shelf break in autumn and winter can be related to the combined effects of the July through September Bering Strait inflow and the date
of ice retreat.
Fowler, Drobot, and Maslanik (4 - no new data available - see June report) While no new data are available for the onset
of ice retreat from Fowler et al., their earlier assessment
of ice retreat patterns in this sector is still valid and appears to reproduce at least part of the retreat pattern, with a tongue of lingering ice north of Barrow.
Red pie charts over Greenland and Antarctica denote fraction (not location)
of ice retreat.)
Ice conditions in this region are well below the historical 1968 - 2000 climatology and at least one month ahead
of the ice retreat for this area in August 2007, when the Northwest Passage opened.
Not exact matches
By then, and in just the previous few decades, northern sections
of the Larsen
Ice Shelf had «
retreated significantly,» said Jacobs.
as the
ice retreated a group
of brown bears were seperated from the mainland over time the offspring
of those trapped bears that had lighter fur were able to catch food easiler thus passing on their genetics.
Brazen Racing CA Academy
of Sciences CAL SHAKES Castello di Amorosa Chabot Space & Science Center Children's Creativity Museum Children's Fairyland Clarke Ranch Comal Costco Wholesale Danish Woolen Delight Dawn Discovered Dholrhythms Disneyland Resort Dominus Estate East Bay Coffee Company Encore Gym Exploratorium Fentons Creamery Fine Arts Museums
of San Francisco Galileo: Innovation Camps for Kids Goosecross Cellars Gourmet Gift Baskets Honig Wines In & Out Burger In Shape Fitness INNAjam LLC Judd's Hill Winery Kamik Kinetic Arts Center Lacis Museum
of Lace and Textiles Lalime's Larkmead Vineyards Le Labo Leras Family Farm Lindsey Wildlife Experience Little Folkies Livie & Luca Living Vision Kitchen Love + Chocolate Markham Vineyards Mayamam Weavers mercurius Moraga Orinda Fire Department Naked Wines Navitas Naturals Niles Canyon Railway Nova Natural Oakland
Ice Center Operated by Sharks
Ice O'Brien Estate O'Connell Family Wines Oriental Trading Company Performing Academy PlumpJack Winery Pure Bath & Body Restaurants Unlimited San Francisco Giants San Francisco Zoo Sarah's Science School
of Rock Sienna Ranch Six Flags Discovery Kingdom Sky 9 Studio Softstar Shoes Sonoma TrainTown Railroad Spa de Esperanza Sports Basement Sticky Art Lab The Habit Burger Grill The Lawrence Hall
of Science The Mystic Dream The Sewing Room University
of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley UrbanSitter Varozza Vineyards Venado
Retreat Villa Jewelers Walt Disney Family Museum WoodspiritHANDCRAFT
The governor, who has been around the state politics since the Laurentide
ice sheet
retreated, knows something about the tortured relationship between the chief magistrate
of the state's largest city and the state capital.
Sensors that have plumbed the depths
of Arctic seas since 2002 have found warm currents creeping up from the Atlantic Ocean and helping drive the dramatic
retreat of sea
ice there over the last decade.
It forced the
ice to
retreat but stopped at about 7,500 years ago, when the belt
of westerly winds driving the deep water onto the shelf shifted northwards.
In comparison, it took the Jakobshavn Isbræ
ice stream — a southwest Greenland region with a fast - moving glacier that has been a focal point
of scientific examination
of ice sheet melt — 150 years to
retreat 35 kilometers, said Khan.
The researchers recommend that the National Climate Assessment incorporate the timing
of spring
ice retreat and fall
ice advance as measures
of climate change in future reports.
There is consistent evidence
of a human presence in the Scandinavian peninsula from around 11,700 years ago, and similarities between stone tool artefacts found in Scandinavia and those seen in both Western Europe and Eastern Europe suggest that several groups may have migrated into the area when the
ice retreated.
Evidence
of past glacial advance and
retreat is also more easily observed in the Dry Valleys, providing a window into the past behavior
of the vast Antarctic
ice sheets and their influence on global sea levels.
By reading the ups and downs
of organic versus nonorganic sediment in a core, sedimentologists can follow the
retreats and advances
of ice over the past 20,000 years.
Today's red deer, which recolonized Europe after the
ice sheet melted about 12,000 years ago, fall into three or four distinct lineages that likely correspond to separate southern regions to which the deer had
retreated during the height
of the
ice age, Stanton says.
Professor Luckman said, «When it calves, the Larsen C
Ice Shelf will lose more than 10 % of its area to leave the ice front at its most retreated position ever recorded; this event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsu
Ice Shelf will lose more than 10 %
of its area to leave the
ice front at its most retreated position ever recorded; this event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsu
ice front at its most
retreated position ever recorded; this event will fundamentally change the landscape
of the Antarctic Peninsula.
The International Union for the Conservation
of Nature (IUCN), which maintains the international «Red List»
of threatened species, considers the polar bear «vulnerable» due to climate change - induced
retreating sea
ice.
The case
of this one polar bear and the failure
of her offspring to survive in the new environmental conditions
of the Arctic doesn't bode well for the future
of the species, especially as Arctic sea
ice continues to
retreat at a record pace.
Today, as warming waters caused by climate change flow underneath the floating
ice shelves in Pine Island Bay, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is once again at risk of losing mass from rapidly retreating glacie
ice shelves in Pine Island Bay, the Antarctic
Ice Sheet is once again at risk of losing mass from rapidly retreating glacie
Ice Sheet is once again at risk
of losing mass from rapidly
retreating glaciers.
Eventually, the floating
ice shelf in front
of the glaciers «broke up», which caused them to
retreat onto land sloping downward from the grounding lines to the interior
of the
ice sheet.
Thousands
of marks on the Antarctic seafloor, caused by icebergs which broke free from glaciers more than ten thousand years ago, show how part
of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet retreated rapidly at the end of the last ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstab
Ice Sheet
retreated rapidly at the end
of the last
ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstab
ice age as it balanced precariously on sloping ground and became unstable.
They found that, as seas warmed at the end
of the last
ice age, Pine Island Glacier
retreated to a point where its grounding line — the point where it enters the ocean and starts to float — was perched precariously at the end
of a slope.
This exposed tall
ice «cliffs» at their margin with an unstable height, and resulted in rapid
retreat of the glaciers from marine
ice cliff instability between 12,000 and 11,000 years ago.
«Today, the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers are grounded in a very precarious position, and major
retreat may already be happening, caused primarily by warm waters melting from below the
ice shelves that jut out from each glacier into the sea,» said Matthew Wise
of Cambridge's Scott Polar Research Institute, and the study's first author.
The sun and moon tug on the planet, while the drift
of continents, changes in ocean currents, and the rebounding
of the crust since the
retreat of ice age glaciers all shift mass around, altering Earth's moment
of inertia and therefore its spin.
Their results overcome a basic problem
of trying to discern the deep history
of ice from bedrock: every time an
ice sheet
retreats and then grows back, it scours away the bedrock and the isotope record
of its own past.
And in many places, it's moving faster than the
ice is thought to have
retreated during the warming period at the end
of the last
ice age, around 20,000 years ago.
RETREATING ICE Jakobshavn Glacier in western Greenland (its front edge, where
ice is calving into the ocean, shown here in 2012) is one
of the world's fastest - shrinking glaciers.
Satellite studies
of Earth's gravitational field show that North America is still rebounding from the weight
of the massive Laurentide
Ice Sheet, which
retreated thousands
of years ago
The
retreat is especially severe in West Antarctica, widely acknowledged as the most vulnerable part
of the continent and the region whose glaciers are losing the most
ice.
Massive reorganizations
of the ocean - atmosphere system, the authors argue, are the key events that link cyclic changes in the earth's orbit to the advance and
retreat of ice sheets
But scientists increasingly attribute much
of the observed grounding line
retreat — particularly in West Antarctica — to the influence
of warmer ocean water seeping beneath the
ice shelves and lapping against the bases
of glaciers, melting the
ice from the bottom up.
The incident, which was monitored and recorded by satellite images, aerial photography and a research vessel navigating through the resulting icebergs, is the largest single event in a 30 - year series
of ice shelf
retreats in the area.
The amount
of carbon dioxide has risen and fallen a bit, coinciding with the spread and
retreat of glaciers as
ice ages have come and gone.
One response to this warming, scientists say, is the
retreat of five
ice shelves, including Larsen B. «Since [1998], warming on the peninsula has continued and we watched as piece - by - piece Larsen B has
retreated,» David Vaughan
of the British Antarctic Survey says.
When the
ice retreats, it takes with it the basis
of their diet.
The reason for the
retreat of the
ice sheets remains elusive, however.
The Clovis tools were the product
of a second group, who came in through Alaska and Canada later, after the
ice had
retreated.
«That means the rapid
retreat of Arctic sea
ice poses an especially serious threat for polar cod.
The biggest changes were seen in West Antarctica, where more than a fifth
of the
ice sheet has
retreated across the sea floor faster than the pace
of deglaciation.
In addition, both studies have yielded valuable data that can be integrated into ecosystem models — which are in turn essential to forecasts
of how the
retreat of sea
ice will affect the Arctic ecosystem.
«It is conceivable that part
of that litter then drifts even farther to the north and northwest, and reaches the Fram Strait,» states the AWI biologist, adding, «Another cause for litter in the Arctic could be the
retreat of the Arctic sea
ice.
«Unraveling a major cause
of sea
ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean.»
What is beyond doubt is that Homo sapiens survived and turned to farming soon after the
ice retreated, setting the stage for the rise
of modern civilisation.
Furthermore, unraveling the causes
of sea
ice retreat should help us understand the mechanisms behind climate change on a global level, which is interrelated to the
ice reduction in the Arctic ocean.»