Sentences with phrase «of ice sheet size»

First, most climate simulations, including ours above and those of IPCC [1], do not include slow feedbacks such as reduction of ice sheet size with global warming or release of greenhouse gases from thawing tundra.

DO NOT INCLUDE SLOW FEEDBACKS such as reduction of ice sheet size with global warming or release of greenhouse gases from thawing tundra.

In addition there are slow climate feedbacks, such as changes of ice sheet size, that occur mainly over centuries and millennia.

It is easy to see why this feedback amplifies the climate change, because reduction of ice sheet size due to warming exposes a darker surface, which absorbs more sunlight, thus causing more warming.

First, most climate simulations, including ours above and those of IPCC [1], do not include slow feedbacks such as reduction of ice sheet size with global warming or release of greenhouse gases from thawing tundra.

Not exact matches

There are more, however, including the amount of sunlight an ice sheet is able to reflect; the larger an ice sheet, the more sunlight is reflected, but the smaller an ice sheet, the more ocean there is surrounding the ice sheet to absorb the sunlight which in turn heats up the surrounding waters increasing the melt which decreases the size of the ice sheet which in turn... and so goes the cycle.

Using a standard - sized ice cream scoop, measuring about 1/3 of a cup, scoop six mounds of dough onto the baking sheet, making sure to leave room for them to spread out.

-- On a lower speed, add eggs one at a time and vanilla until well incorporated — Increase mixing speed to high and let it go for 10 minutes — the mixture will become really pale and will almost double in size — In a medium sized bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt — When 10 minutes are up, add flour mixture slowly until just combined, about 45 - 60 seconds — Chop up and mix together all of your baking and snack ingredients in a small bowl, and fold into batter with a spatula until just incorporated — Using a medium - sized ice cream scoop, portion cookie dough on parchment paper - lined cookie sheet and wrap the entire thing tightly with plastic wrap — Refrigerate for a minimum of 1 hour and up to 1 week — Heat oven to 400F and arrange cookies on cookie sheets at least 4 ″ apart — Bake 9 - 11 minutes, until they are golden in color and slightly brown along the edges — Cool the cookies completely on the sheet pan (or just eat them immediately...)

Drop 3Tbs size heaps (a standard ice cream scoop) of dough well spaced on the cookie sheets (I like to bake 6 cookies per pan).

Using a cookie dough scoop or an ice cream scoop of medium size, scoop the cookies onto the prepared tray, 6 per sheet (I baked a greater number per sheet for the party because I was trying to bake such a large number).

Using two spoons or a small ice cream scoop, form the dough into balls the size of walnuts and place them on the cookie sheet about 2 inches apart.

You can either eat the dough raw, freeze in bite - sized chunks and put into a freezer bag to store for your next batch of ice cream, or bake it on a lined cookie sheet at 350 degrees for about 11 minutes.

Line two baking trays with baking paper, and cut desired tuile shapes (roughly 4x12cm in size) from an ice - cream container lid or a sheet of acetate.

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

Scoop 2 to 3 tablespoon portions of the cookie dough onto the prepared baking sheet using a medium - size spring - loaded ice cream scoop, placing them about 1 1/2 - inches apart from one another.

ice cream scoop, portion out 10 balls of dough and place on a parchment - lined baking sheet, spacing about 3» apart (you can also form dough into ping pong — sized balls with your hands).

Over the past 40 years, radar imagery has revealed around 150 freshwater lakes of various sizes and ages beneath the massive Antarctic ice sheet.

And over the past 18 months, two of the peninsula's largest ice shelves, the Larsen B and the Wilkins, have lost nearly 1,100 square miles of their total area, a sheet of ice about the size of Rhode IslandCK.

Then in 2008, an area the size of Manhattan broke off the Wilkins Ice Sheet.

«They are the size of the Alps and the birthplace of the Antarctic ice sheet,» says geophysicist Robin Bell of the Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory in New York City.

Even relatively large calving events, where tabular ice chunks the size of Manhattan or bigger calve from the seaward front of the shelf, can be considered normal if the ice sheet is in overall balance.

A chunk of ice the size of downtown Manhattan fell off the Jakobshavn Glacier in Greenland on August 16, the fastest moving ice sheet in the world at present.

The Ross Ice Shelf, a thick, floating tongue of solid ice the size of Spain, is the biggest of the many such barriers that ring Antarctica and keep its ice sheets from sliding into the sIce Shelf, a thick, floating tongue of solid ice the size of Spain, is the biggest of the many such barriers that ring Antarctica and keep its ice sheets from sliding into the sice the size of Spain, is the biggest of the many such barriers that ring Antarctica and keep its ice sheets from sliding into the sice sheets from sliding into the sea.

We do estimate that an area of hydrocarbon reserves twice the size of Russia was directly influenced by ice sheets during past glaciation.

In contrast, Bierman and colleagues» data provides a record of continuous ice sheet activity over eastern Greenland but can't distinguish whether this was because there was a remnant in East Greenland or whether the ice sheet remained over the whole island, fluctuating in size as the climate warmed and cooled over millions of years.

In parts, it's nearly three miles thick, and, with the nearby West Antarctic Ice Sheet, it blankets an expanse roughly the size of the United States and Mexico combined.

Some of the variation the researchers found likely dates back to isolation of different Hermit Thrushes populations by ice sheets during the Pleistocene era, while differences between the two western groups may relate to body size, with larger birds producing lower - frequency songs.

Together with the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, it blankets an area roughly the size of Mexico and the United States combined.

«These findings add to mounting evidence suggesting that there are sweet spots or «windows of opportunity» within climate space where so - called boundary conditions, such as the level of atmospheric CO2 or the size of continental ice sheets, make abrupt change more likely to occur.

«It turns out that for much of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet's history, it was not the commonly perceived large stable ice sheet with only minor changes in size over millions of years,» he saIce Sheet's history, it was not the commonly perceived large stable ice sheet with only minor changes in size over millions of years,» he Sheet's history, it was not the commonly perceived large stable ice sheet with only minor changes in size over millions of years,» he saice sheet with only minor changes in size over millions of years,» he sheet with only minor changes in size over millions of years,» he said.

At the Dome A site in East Antarctica — roughly the size of the state of California — the base layer of refrozen ice accounted for up to half the total thickness of the ice sheet, and 24 percent of the area covered by ice.

The Greenland Ice Sheet covers an area roughly the size of Mexico and measures up to 3 km thick in some places.

The Larsen A, a sheet of ice the size of Rhode Island and 500 feet thick, was collapsing into the Weddell Sea.

New research shows that small fluctuations in the sizes of ice sheets during the last ice age were enough to trigger abrupt climate change.

The East Antarctic ice sheet is the largest ice mass on Earth, roughly the size of Australia.

The size of the ice sheet depends on how much new snow accumulates and how much of the existing ice melts, she said.

Like frozen levees, the retreating glaciers pin back more stable parts of the Greenland - size ice sheet.

«The Greenland ice sheet as a whole is shrinking, melting and reducing in size as the result of globally changing air and ocean temperatures and associated changes in circulation patterns in both the ocean and atmosphere,» Muenchow said.

What G&T are missing is the linear effect of water vapour accelerating the ice albedo effect of change in size of the sea ice sheets.

Armed with aerial photos that reveal these trimlines, the researchers mapped the past and present sizes of the ice sheet in a 3D computer model.

During that time, which can last hundreds to thousands of years, glaciers and ice sheets expand in size and depth.

Models of mountain (alpine) glaciers are applied to solve similar problems to those models used for polar ice sheets, but typically have a higher resolution (a smaller grid size) and need to consider the effects of steep and often variable bed slopes, and the transverse stresses found in valley glaciers.

The glaciation was favored by an interval when the Earth's orbit favored cool summers but Oxygen isotope ratio cycle marker changes were too large to be explained by Antarctic ice - sheet growth alone indicating an ice age of some size.

Ice shelves surround 75 % of Antarctica's coastline, and cover an area of over 1.561 million square kilometres (a similar size to the Greenland Ice Sheet).

Unlike the great ice sheet of Antarctica, the Greenland ice sheet is melting both on its surface and also at outlet glaciers that drain the ice sheet's mass through deep fjords, where these glaciers extend out into the ocean and often terminate in dynamic calving fronts, giving up gigaton - sized icebergs at times.

So, while the specific size of the ice sheet was different, the overall conditions are degraded in ways not likely to have existed in the past all at the same time.

The standard climate sensitivity and climate model do not in - clude effects of «slow» climate feedbacks such as change in ice sheet size.

What G&T are missing is the linear effect of water vapour accelerating the ice albedo effect of change in size of the sea ice sheets.

I stand corrected on the size of the Greenland ice sheet, thanks to Gavin and Steven.

(Much of the glaciological literature on termination of large ice ages requires ice - sheet growth past a threshold size.)