It's an active world with evidence
of ice volcanoes and an ancient ocean.
«Dione has been an enigma, giving hints of active geologic processes, including a transient atmosphere and evidence
of ice volcanoes — but we've never found the smoking gun,» Bonnie Buratti, a Cassini science team member at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, said in a statement from NASA.
Not exact matches
Lurking between Mars and Jupiter is the largest asteroid in the solar system: a dwarf planet called Ceres, which has
ice volcanoes, salt deposits, and other features that suggest it's hiding an ocean
of salt water.
This includes the post-Flood
ice age (38:29 - 30), cave men (24:4 - 10; 30:1 - 8), and the violent aftermath
of the Flood which includes earthquakes,
volcanoes, windstorms, and the raiding parties which decimated his first family.
All the forces
of nature that we used to call «acts
of God» have become, at least in part, acts
of humankind (excepting
volcanoes and earthquakes — though scientists this winter announced that lurching
ice had more than doubled the number
of earthquakes under Greenland).
I
iced the bottom
of a large cake plate with green and brown frosting and stuck some
of his toy dinosaurs around the
volcano to make it look like a scene from prehistoric times for my dinosaur obsessed son.
Has to be walking across the top
of a
volcano with Kit and Ozzy trying to explain why there was
ice on there when hot steam was coming out
of the ground!
Each
volcano's magnitude and its impact on climate can be estimated from the amount
of sulfate deposited in the
ice.
A recently discovered solitary
ice volcano on the dwarf planet Ceres may have some hidden older siblings, say scientists who have tested a likely way such mountains
of icy rock — called cryovolcanoes — might disappear over millions
of years.
He says the
volcanoes themselves are probably made out
of water
ice, since nitrogen and methane
ices are too soft to support such a heavy, tall feature.
In science news around the world, NASA scientists spot evidence for
ice volcanoes on the surface
of Pluto, transmission
of the Ebola virus comes to an end in Sierra Leone, Canada's new minister
of innovation, science, and economic development reinstates the country's long - form census and announces that government scientists are free again to speak to the media, the United Kingdom's House
of Commons Science and Technology Committee calls for a strategy to increase government research funding, and more.
As the
volcano vented lava beneath the thick
ice sheets, it released huge quantities
of liquid water within the glacier.
A topographical map
of the area around the Martian
volcano Arsia Mons shows evidence (inset)
of glacier
ice melting that could have resulted in habitable reservoirs 210 million years ago.
Soar over Pluto's seas, mountains, craters and
volcanoes of ice in this montage
of images released by NASA from the New Horizons encounter with the dwarf planet.
Another explanation is cryovolcanism, in which
ice and water are forced out
of the surface by processes similar to those that drive magma
volcanoes on Earth.
Finding a layer
of ash in the
ice wouldn't be surprising: the West Antarctic Ice Sheet straddles a broad continental rift that is known to harbor volcanoes, some of them exposed on the surface and others sealed under i
ice wouldn't be surprising: the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet straddles a broad continental rift that is known to harbor volcanoes, some of them exposed on the surface and others sealed under i
Ice Sheet straddles a broad continental rift that is known to harbor
volcanoes, some
of them exposed on the surface and others sealed under
iceice.
But, as the thickness
of the
ice over the
volcano (between 100 and 400 meters) and the volume
of lava are both unknown, it's also unclear whether an eruption will break through the
ice, or whether it will remain subglacial.
After a week
of rumbling, Iceland's Bárðarbunga
volcano began erupting yesterday, say scientists at the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) in Reykjavik — although the eruption remained entirely under the thick
ice covering the
volcano.
After comparing it with domes on Earth, scientists now believe Ahuna Mons formed when a slushy mix
of internal
ice and natural antifreeze reached the surface along a duct — just as magma builds
volcanoes on our planet.
Ice over Iceland's rumbling Bardarbunga
volcano has melted to reveal a row
of 1 - km wide «cauldrons», possibly due to a sub-glacial eruption, the country's meteorological office said late on Wednesday.
Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions
of other
volcanoes, as well as sea -
ice / ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s.
But when Lavigne's team examined shards
of volcanic glass from this
volcano, they found that they didn't match the chemical composition
of the glass found in polar
ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match.
The upcoming visual exploration
of Pluto will fill in knowledge gaps, possibly revealing craters or
ice volcanoes on the dwarf planet.
Our first look at a fantastic yet familiar world, where mountains are made
of ice,
volcanoes spew ammonia, and the sky rains methane
«The
volcano will create millions
of gallons
of water beneath the
ice — many lakes full,» says Wiens.
A 15 - meter pan-sharpened Landsat 8 image
of the Mount Takahe
volcano rising more than 2,000 meters (1.2 miles) above the surrounding West Antarctic
ice sheet in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica.
What is causing the mysterious line
of volcanoes that emerge from the
ice sheet there, and what does it mean for the future
of the
ice?
Elsewhere in the world,
volcanoes were erupting, as shown by higher levels
of sulfates in
ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica.
«Detailed chemical measurements in Antarctic
ice cores show that massive, halogen - rich eruptions from the West Antarctic Mt. Takahe
volcano coincided exactly with the onset
of the most rapid, widespread climate change in the Southern Hemisphere during the end
of the last
ice age and the start
of increasing global greenhouse gas concentrations,» according to McConnell, who leads DRI's ultra-trace chemical
ice core analytical laboratory.
Mount Sidley, at the leading edge
of the Executive Committee Range in Marie Byrd Land, is the last
volcano in the chain that rises above the surface
of the
ice.
The flybys produced superb images
of the surfaces
of Jupiter's large Galilean satellites, revealing sulphurous
volcanoes on Io,
ice chasms on Europa, huge ringed impact craters on Callisto, and polygonal dark regions on Ganymede.
Guiding their movement is an array
of unseen forces, including mountains, valleys, and lakes — and maybe even smoldering
volcanoes — hidden beneath the
ice.
In Iceland, the Grimsvotn
volcano, buried miles beneath the
ice sheet, melts the
ice cap above it in the same way that the rising plumes might melt Europa's shell, causing the surface
of the Icelandic
ice sheet to cave in.
The mountains are made primarily
of rock - hard water
ice; the dunes are most likely
ice granules coated with hydrocarbons;
volcanoes probably belch methane and ammonia, and methane fills the lakes, evaporates to form clouds, and rains back down to carve out river channels.
Cassini's radar identified atleast one probable
volcano — a raised, circular feature — and the orbiter» sinfrared camera spotted a fan - shaped form spreading away from thevolcano, which might well be a hardened flow
of that same mushysubsurface
ice.
The detailed mapping and sampling
of the partially eroded Kima» Kho tuya in northern British Columbia, Canada shows that the ancient regional
ice sheet through which the
volcano erupted was twice as thick as previously estimated.
Kattenhorn and Prockter saw
ice volcanoes on the overriding plate, possibly formed through melting and absorption
of the slab as it dove below the surface, and a lack
of mountains at the subduction zone, implying material was pushed into the interior rather than crumpled up as the two plates mashed against each other.
There are lots
of volcanoes above and below the Antarctic
ice but none
of the subsurface ones were known to be active.
As the
volcanoes subsided and sea levels rose at the end
of the last
ice age, they were gradually submerged, leaving only the reefs behind.
If the
volcano erupts, the molten rock will melt the base
of the
ice, hastening the
ice sheet's break - up (Nature Geoscience, doi.org/p45).
For fourteen more orbits, the spacecraft focused on
ice, water, and fire: the icy moon Europa, which might have an ocean; Jupiter's majestic thunderstorms; and the fiery
volcanoes of Io.
For the first time, an active
volcano has been spotted rumbling away under the
ice sheet
of west Antarctica.
«Some
of the observed features included ancient river beds, craters, massive extinct
volcanoes, canyons, layered polar deposits, evidence
of wind - driven deposition and erosion
of sediments, weather fronts,
ice clouds, localized dust storms, morning fogs and more,» NASA wrote in a summary
of the mission.
You will find Güralp instruments gathering seismic data in the harshest
of environments, from the Antarctic
ice sheet; to boreholes 100s
of metres deep; to the world's most active
volcanoes and deepest ocean trenches.
But there is evidence that the Red Planet had a warmer and wetter past: dried - up river beds, polar
ice caps,
volcanoes and minerals that form in the presence
of water have all been found.
One
of which is a new
volcano discovered under the
ice by Amanda Lough, a WUSTL doctoral student he advises.
The abstract doesn't have the room to provide more information on how the melting
of glacial
ice has weakened part
of the
volcano, leading to an increased potential for a landslide.
Students read biographies
of current NASA scientists and view scientists» notebook pages, while learning about planetary features such as canyons,
volcanoes, and
ice.
Because
of the conditions that need to be met for this scenario to work it means that even if a few
volcanoes were to be pushed towards eruption from
ice melting, or landslides related to melting
of ice, it would not be all
ice clad
volcanoes, nor even all
volcanoes under thick
ice.
Scientists are exploring undersea
volcanoes, monitoring coastal erosion along hard - to - reach shorelines, and studying the movement
of sea
ice — all in real time.