Sentences with phrase «of ice volume change»

However, the uncertainty in the reconstructed sea level is tens of metres and the uncertainty in the Mg / Ca temperature is sufficient to encompass the result from our δ18O prescription, which has comparable contributions of ice volume change and deep ocean temperature change at the Late Eocene glaciation of Antarctica.

These changes are dominated by the amount of ice volume change.

Not exact matches

Among them were the Purdue and Rochester studies of athletes in high school and college football [1,8,9,12,13, 31 - 38] and ice hockey, [8] which, as noted above, found subtle changes in cerebral function in the absence of concussion symptoms or clinically measurable cognitive impairment which researchers linked to the volume of head impacts, and a much publicized case - study autopsy of a collegiate football player, Owen Thomas, with no reported history of concussions, which revealed early signs of CTE.

So, what tourism is impacting and actually what climate change is impacting is a relatively very small piece of that peninsula; but you know the impact on the peninsula if all that ice melts could be huge; when they talk about sea levels rising, you know, by inches and feet, you know if that ice along the peninsula melts they will add to the volume of the sea very quickly.

An international team of scientists has discovered new relationships between deep - sea temperature and ice - volume changes to provide crucial new information about how the ice ages came about.

In that sense, the observed decoupling of temperature and ice - volume changes provides crucial new information for our understanding of how the ice ages developed.

The radar can measure the surface height variation of ice in fine detail, allowing scientists to record changes in its volume with unprecedented accuracy.

To understand sea - level change means understanding not only the transfer of land ice into the ocean, but also, for example, how the gravitational field of the Earth changes as inconceivably large water volumes shift around the planet.

Measurements of ice sheet elevation changes indicate the volume of ice lost, and hence the contribution to sea levels, he tells Carbon Brief.

Writing in Nature Climate Change, two scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) say the melting of quite a small volume of ice on the East Antarctic shore could ultimately trigger a discharge of ice into the ocean which would result in unstoppable sea - level rise for thousands of years ahead.

The latter is almost linearly related to changes in ice sheet volume; the former, however, is influenced by a range of factors, including atmosphere / ocean dynamics and changes in Earth's gravitational field, rotation, and crustal and the mantle deformation associated with the redistribution of mass between land ice and the ocean.

The typical estimate of the sea - level change is five metres, a value arrived at by taking the total volume of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, converting it to water and spreading it evenly across the oceans.

- a lot of focus was put on sound effects in order to immerse players in the world of Hyrule - the development team worked with Sound Racer, a studio specialized in sound effects - this studio also worked on Xenoblade Chronicles X - they recorded more than 10 000 different sounds for the game - the team used a school bag to simulate the sound of rubbing leather - for the sound of «normal» footsteps, they mixed various kinds of sands - for the sounds of equipment, they had to search for various materials and find ways to use them - they used an actual block of ice to recreate the sound of footsteps on ice - with the ice block, it always ended up melting, or getting cracks when the staff had to walk on it - Link's footsteps were made by a woman - depending on Link's actions and the equipment he's using / wearing, the recorded sounds were separated out individually - the volume is changed as needed to make a particular sound stand out - check out sound effect samples here

If one takes the simple view that deglaciation is forced by only global ice volume change and greenhouse feedbacks, then one would be forced to conclude that Antarctic temperature change led all of its forcings!

Although the primary driver of glacial — interglacial cycles lies in the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of incoming solar energy driven by changes in the geometry of the Earth's orbit around the Sun («orbital forcing»), reconstructions and simulations together show that the full magnitude of glacial — interglacial temperature and ice volume changes can not be explained without accounting for changes in atmospheric CO2 content and the associated climate feedbacks.

The changes in volume over a season also tell us how much ice is produced, how much heat is extracted from the ocean, how much brine is injected into the ocean as a result of ice growth and how much melt water is injected back into the ocean.

So how much do changes in the Arctic atmosphere play a role in the loss of sea - ice volume and the apparent failure of the GCMs to reflect the current volume loss?

So, I was curious about your recent paper and whether there was any discussion of changes in the THC poleward of the GIS shelf vs the data from the RAPID program line located at 26.5 N. With the decline in minimum extent and volume of sea - ice, one might expect to see more THC sinking into the Arctic Ocean, with consequences for both climate and weather.

The fact that our model does a surprisingly good job with simulating the last 400,000 years of global ice volume, with no change in model physics and only one linear change in boundary conditions, argues for the fact that, despite plausible deficiencies, we have done a surprisingly good job of simulating the pattern of fluctuations in ice volume.

In any case, any changes in average volume over the course of the year have been minimal compared to the Antarctic ice loss.

On decadal and longer time scales, global mean sea level change results from two major processes, mostly related to recent climate change, that alter the volume of water in the global ocean: i) thermal expansion (Section 5.5.3), and ii) the exchange of water between oceans and other reservoirs (glaciers and ice caps, ice sheets, other land water reservoirs - including through anthropogenic change in land hydrology, and the atmosphere; Section 5.5.5).

While it's important to know the volume of an ice sheet - or how much space it takes up - it can change without affecting the amount of ice that is present.

Glacial periods during the 100,000 - year cycles have been characterised by a very slow build - up of ice which took thousands of years, the result of ice volume responding to orbital change far more slowly than the ocean temperatures reacted.

Then in 2003 the launch of two new satellites, ICESat and GRACE, led to vast improvements in one of the methods for mass balance determination, volume change, and introduced the ability to conduct gravimetric measurements of ice sheet mass over time.

Whether it exists as ice or water, it still has the same mass, it still displaces the same volume and there's no change in the volume of the ocean if it melts.

The entire structure loses mechanical strength despite the fact that only a tiny volume of ice on the surface changes temperature and thus its mechanical properties.

«Nonetheless, Jacob and colleagues have dramatically altered our understanding of recent global (glacier and ice cap) volume changes, and their contribution to sea - level rise,» Bamber wrote, referring to study researcher Thomas Jacob of Colorado - Boulder.

There has been no change in the volume of Arctic Sea Ice since 1980

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

As you mentioned gravity changes due to many causes, also orbital drift and large guesses with potential biases make the estimates of total ice volume have very large error bars.

Climate change has already removed at least 75 percent of Arctic summer sea ice volume at rates never before experienced in human history.

At the very margins, this doesn't matter, what does matter is where ice is retained all summer but a lot of the top ice melts off, so the area doesn't change but the volume does.

Al Rodger: Well, yes, according to the PIOMAS the total change in Arctic ice volume during prior normal period was from about 28000 cubic km in winter to about 12000 at the minimum, or a change of about 16000 as you stated.

The modeled evolution of Arctic sea ice volume appears to be much stronger correlated with changes in ice thickness than with ice extent as it shows a similar negative trend beginning around the mid-1990s.

Maslowski's recent, peer - reviewed work (Maslowski W., Clement Kinney J., Higgins M., Roberts A. (2012) «The Future of Arctic Sea Ice», The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40: 625 - 654) emphasizes «the need for detailed analyses of changes in sea ice thickness and volume to determine the actual rate of melt of Arctic sea ice&raquIce», The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40: 625 - 654) emphasizes «the need for detailed analyses of changes in sea ice thickness and volume to determine the actual rate of melt of Arctic sea ice&raquice thickness and volume to determine the actual rate of melt of Arctic sea ice&raquice».

«The climate has always changed and it always will — there is nothing unusual about the modern magnitudes or rates of change of temperature, of ice volume, of sea level or of extreme weather events,» Mr Carter added.

We use realistic estimates of mass redistribution from ice mass loss and land water storage to quantify the resulting ocean bottom deformation and its effect on global and regional ocean volume change estimates.

Uncertainties in the timing of ice - margin retreat and global ice - volume change allow a variety of plausible deglaciation triggers.

Poitou & Bréon do not explain why the ice pack volume would be relevant for the albedo; according to Haas (2005)[47] the changes of the thickness of the sea ice are small since they are correctly measured by an airborne radio apparatus, only over the Arctic.

Although the surface of the Greenland ice sheet can react rapidly to day - to - day weather changes, the melting of the volume of ice below is actually an inert process — driven by climatic changes instead of single meteorological events.

«This allows us to get a better picture of projected regional ice volume change and potential impacts on local water supplies, and changes in glacier size distribution,» Radic said.

In the absence of information about the vertical distribution of the ice, we make the assumption that the volume change is proportional to the area change.

They use a range of techniques to track changes in the volume of the ice - sheet over a 500 - year period, and compare it with measurements of ice - accumulation obtained by deep boring undertaken by Lonnie Thompson of Ohio State University.

Our simple scaling approximation implicitly assumes that ice sheets are sufficiently responsive to climate change that hysteresis is not a dominant effect; in other words, ice volume on millennial time scales is a function of temperature and does not depend much on whether the Earth is in a warming or cooling phase.

To a first approximation, sea - level changes reflect the volume of ocean water bound in continental ice sheets during the ice ages.

b) volumetric effects — change in the volume of water contained in the oceans and the geometry and areal extent of the ocean basins c) gravitational effects — change in the gravitational attraction of the earth (induced by deformation), by the change in distribution of ice and by the change in self - attraction of the water d) rotational effects — change in the moment of inertia caused by a change in the distribution of mass within the earth and on its surface.

Shackleton (2000); changes of CO2 preceding changes in ice sheet volume were reported in Shackleton and Pisias (1985).

Arctic summer sea ice is in rapid decline [2nd lowest extent on record after 2007, and perhaps more importantly, the lowest volume of ice ever — this, along with the methane increase, could indicate a tipping element has been crossed that will kick climate change into a higher gear]

Thus, two - thirds of the 180 m sea - level change between the ice - free planet and the LGM occurred with formation of Northern Hemisphere ice (and probably some increased volume of Antarctic ice).

However, as the water vapor rises the lapse rate means that the volume of air cools and eventually the water vapor condenses into water droplets and then into ice latent heat is given off to the surrounding air at each of these phase changes, with two effects.