In 2002, astrophysicists spotted a strange tail on asteroid 133P Elst Pizaro, the result
of the icy asteroid turning to water vapor.
Not exact matches
Still, Chapman says, he would not be surprised to see water ice on
asteroids, adding that the distinction between comets, traditionally considered to be
icy, and
asteroids, which have been largely thought
of as rocky, is becoming increasingly blurred.
Such worlds may include Mars, the
asteroid Vesta, the dwarf planet Ceres or the
icy moons
of Jupiter or Saturn.
Some
of it is sublimation: an
icy asteroid transforming directly into water vapor as it makes its way toward the sun.
However, there were other possible sources
of water: interplanetary dust particles produced by cometary activity and
asteroid collisions,
icy rings, or one
of the 60 Jovian satellites.
The Grand Tack nicely explains the formation
of Mars, the layout
of the
asteroid belt and the delivery
of water to Earth via
icy asteroids.
The results are somewhat unexpected because comets, the
icier cousins
of asteroids, are known typically to sprout jets and plumes, while objects in the
asteroid belt are not.
«This is the first time water vapor has been unequivocally detected on Ceres or any other object in the
asteroid belt and provides proof that Ceres has an
icy surface and an atmosphere,» said Michael Küppers
of ESA in Spain, lead author
of a paper in the journal Nature.
New Horizons also could potentially take a close - up look at a smaller, more ancient object much farther out in the Kuiper Belt: the disk - shaped region beyond the orbit
of Neptune believed to contain comets,
asteroids and other small,
icy bodies.
What little rocky material occurs in today's ring system probably is the debris
of collisions between
icy ring particles and
asteroids and comets swept up by the planet's huge gravitational field, says Canup.
Of those deportees, about 4 % came from within about 375 million kilometers of the sun, rendering them rock - or metal - rich bodies like asteroids rather than icy orbs like comets, the researchers report online ahead of print in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
Of those deportees, about 4 % came from within about 375 million kilometers
of the sun, rendering them rock - or metal - rich bodies like asteroids rather than icy orbs like comets, the researchers report online ahead of print in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
of the sun, rendering them rock - or metal - rich bodies like
asteroids rather than
icy orbs like comets, the researchers report online ahead
of print in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ
of print in the Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Societ
of the Royal Astronomical Society.
It envisions the great reshuffling as a brief, violent affair that not only put the outer planets where they are today but also created the Kuiper belt
of small
icy bodies beyond Neptune, gave the planets scores
of oddly orbiting moons, and bombarded the solar system with a rain
of asteroids and comets so fierce that it would have cooked all but the deepest subterranean life on early Earth.
Previous spacecraft launched under New Frontiers include New Horizons, which surveyed Pluto and is now due to visit MU69, an
icy object in the farthest reaches
of the solar system; Juno, now in orbit around Jupiter; and OSIRIS - REx, launched last year, which will collect samples from an
asteroid and return them to Earth.
Since «Oumuamua is a more even mix
of ice and rocks, it's likely it came from the middle part
of a solar system, similar to the
asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter that features a mixture
of icy and rocky
asteroids.
In addition to rocky
asteroids and
icier bodies further out from the Sun, many agglomerated into larger planetesimals that eventually collided to form planets like the Earth, and more than 250 minerals, including olivine and zircon, developed within the planetesimals with the help
of melting, collisional shocks, and reactions with water.