His team found a layer
of igneous rock in Southwest China, and used the marine fossils to date it to a huge volcanic eruption 260 million years ago.
Data from a wide variety
of igneous rock types show that the ratio of potassium to uranium is approximately 1 X 104.
The mineral networks
of igneous rocks revealed through big data recreated «Bowen's reaction series» (based on Norman L. Bowen's painstaking lab experiments in the early 1900s), which shows how a sequence of characteristic minerals appears as the magma cools.
In the natural steady state, this release is thought to be balanced by
weathering of igneous rocks (essentially the reaction looks like CaO + CO2 = > CaCO3).
Associate Professor Scott Bryan, from QUT's Science and Engineering Faculty, said the researchers had «gone back to basic science» and reassessed large data sets of
analyses of igneous rocks in Queensland and from around the world, to show that wrong assumptions can be made about zircon crystals.
The reservoir, found on Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic, is
part of an igneous rock formation created 60 million years ago when volcanoes unleashed a torrent of fast - flowing, deep - earth lava.
The study by Andersen and his colleagues is the first to use the uranium isotope ratio for the
examination of igneous rock and apply it to the recycling process in deep Earth.
They are actually the edges of roughly hexagonal
columns of igneous rock, similar to other geometric landmarks such as Ireland's Giant's Causeway or Devils Postpile in California.
Earth and Venus should have had sufficient inner heat to remelt some of its surface basalt to form a
range of igneous rocks called granites or «granitoids,» which are coarse - grained blends of lighter minerals (including quartz, feldspar, and mica that are common in Earth's crust but rarer in the smaller planetsimals).
How might the absolute
age of an igneous rock layer help scien - tists to determine the ages of nearby sedimentary rock layers?
The lesson includes a practical link to the formation
of igneous rocks with the opportunities for pupils to write their own hypothesis and conclusion for the experiment.
Because the
weathering of igneous rocks could very easily be climate - responsive (there is no weathering in the Antarctic dry valleys, for example), these processes combine to stabilize CO2 concentration and climate on time scales of hundreds of thousands of years.
Ironically for our green friends, the ore comes from a type of rock called «carbonatite» which is a relatively rare and unusual type
of igneous rock composed primarily of carbonate minerals.