Sentences with phrase «of immune effector»

Not exact matches

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

However, it is this small proportion of virus that hides in the effector memory T - cells and stops the immune system from fully destroying the virus and eliminating it from the body.

In many cases the damage is caused by a particular group of immune cells called effector memory T - cells.

This «friendly fire» goes unchecked due to the failing of another type of immune cell: called the T - reg, which controls T - effector cells, shutting them down when they are not needed.

Removing one immune effector element only reveals the presence of an ancillary pathway for allograft rejection.

Our experts in mucosal vaccine delivery have established in vitro and in vivo models to assess the activity of adjuvants and vaccine formulations on innate and adaptive immune cells, as well their capacity to stimulate different effector mechanisms of clearance.

The HZI will develop a vaccination protocol for mucosal administration based on three novel strategies: (i) development and optimization of a vaccination protocol in which parenterally - primed T and B cells are subsequently pulled into the mucosa by the local delivery of the cognate antigen to the requested effector site, (ii) testing the co-administration of antigens with novel mucosal adjuvants using different mucosal immunisation routes and schedules, and (iii) testing various nanoparticles co-administered with different immunomodulators for their ability to generate both systemic and mucosal immune responses following transcutaneous / trans - follicular vaccination.

Therefore, in both mice and non-human primates, HO - 1 inducers delivered locally inhibited effector T - cells in an antigen - specific manner, paving the way for repositioning these drugs for the treatment of immune - mediated diseases.

Apoptosis has been implicated as a T cell - dependent immune effector mechanism in various forms of organ graft rejection (29 — 31).

Of special interest were ICOS, whose «role in effector T cell responses and anti-tumor immune responses is now well established,» and CD40, which is «important for the maturation of antigen - presenting cells and for enabling T cell co-stimulation.&raquOf special interest were ICOS, whose «role in effector T cell responses and anti-tumor immune responses is now well established,» and CD40, which is «important for the maturation of antigen - presenting cells and for enabling T cell co-stimulation.&raquof antigen - presenting cells and for enabling T cell co-stimulation.»

When considering the anatomy of the mucosal immune system, sites can be defined as either inductive or effector sites.

Binding of adenosine to the A2A receptor on immune cells blocks the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor immune cells and promotes a regulatory, immune - suppressive phenotype.

Identify the mechanisms of autoreactive T effector and T regulatory expansion in man that can be harnessed to maintain or re-instate self - immune tolerance.

She is registred to the National Order of Biologists in the province of Palermo; collaboration in research project from 2012 to 2015 at the Department of Biopathology and Biotechnology, University of Palermo, focusing the study on the identification of molecules capable to modulate intracellular metabolic pathways for the prevention and treatment of infectious, tumor and degenerative disease, in collaboration with Prof. Angela Santoni, University of Rome; collaboration in research project in 2011 at the hospital «Villa Sofia Cervello» of Palermo to study methods can cure the genetic defect that causes thalassemia through genetic engineering; she studies different mechanisms of the differentiation and the activation of human gammadelta T cells as effector cells of the immune response against cancer and infectious diseases; she investigates about the identification and development of biomarkers of resistance and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; Valentina Orlando has published 13 papers in peer reviewed journals and 3 comunications at national and international congress.

Tryptophan depletion results in the inhibition of effector T cells and kynurenine accumulation results in the expansion of immune - suppressant regulatory T cells.

The adenosine A ₂ ₐ receptor is the main adenosine receptor expressed on immune cell subsets including T - cells, NK cells and dendritic cells and binding of adenosine to the A ₂ ₐ receptor on immune cells blocks the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor immune cells and promotes a regulatory, immune - suppressive phenotype.

Although antimicrobial peptides are not the only functional class to be overrepresented among short, secreted proteins encoded by members of multi-gene families, the prevalence of these properties among induced genes strongly suggests the possibly that at least some of these genes encode novel immune effectors.

Even though we can not definitively assign these genes an immune effector role, it is apparent that defensin - like peptides have an unusual diversity in Nasonia, representing 18/34 (52.9 %) homology - annotated AMPs and 6/14 (42.9 %) of putative novel AMPs.

While it is not straightforward to directly compare the immune repertoire reported here with previous reports that have used different underlying gene models [15], [34], we do note that our inference about the number and identity of signaling components is consistent with previous annotations [15], [34], while our inference about recognition and effectors tends to reflect greater, albeit still relatively minor, differences.

Identifying any Hymenoptera - specific immune pathways or effectors that may exist is also of key importance for understanding the biology of host - pathogen interactions that may be relevant for such challenges as colony collapse disorder [42]--[44].

The innate immune system is particularly amenable to characterization with expression - based methodology such as RNA - seq, as one of the key biological consequences of pathogenic infections is the rapid induction of several classes of effector proteins, along with up - regulation of a number of other pathway components.

Therefore the group studies with sophisticated imaging technology in vitro and ex vivo: i) the molecular mechanism driving the migration of HIV through the intestinal epithelial barrier; ii) the cellular targets in the mucosa, in specific macrophages and DCs, to identify the possible pathways to invade the tissue and disseminate to other organs; iii) the involvement of DCs and their functional properties in mediating adaptive immune responses at mucosal level; and iv) the role of antibodies with different effector functions in changing the pathways of the virus.

5/24/2007 How Plague - Causing Bacteria Disarm Host Defense Effector proteins are the bad guys that help bacterial pathogens do their job of infecting the host by crippling the body's immune system.

Priority will be given to studies that evaluate combinations of agents that induce immune deviation and / or regulation, produce effector cell depletion or exhaustion, to achieve durable clinical remission of disease.

Stephen Alexander, UK - Cannabinoid receptors, transporters, endocannabinoid turnover, hydrogen sulphide turnover Arthur Christopoulos, Australia (GPCRs Liaison)- G protein - coupled receptors; analytical pharmacology; allosteric modulation; biased agonism; drug discovery; neuropharmacology John Cidlowski, USA (NHRs Liaison)- Glucocorticoid receptor signaling; apoptosis and the immune system Anthony P. Davenport, UK (Chair Evolving Pharmacology, GPCRs Liaison) Doriano Fabbro, Switzerland - Kinases and their biology, kinase inhibitors, drug discovery, pharmacology of drugs (kinase inhibitors) in the indication oncology, biology of oncology Kozo Kaibuchi, Japan Yoshikatsu Kanai, Japan - Transporters, amino acid signals, epithelial function, cancer biology Francesca Levi - Schaffer, Israel - eosinophils and mast cells as effector cells in allergic inflammation: characterization of new receptors / ligands, hypoxia / angiogenesis and eosinophils, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, immunopharmacological modulation of allergic diseases by bispecific recombinant antibodies, bacteria interactions with eosinophils and mast cells, the allergic effector unit, mast cell derived tumors: new antibody based treatment, the allergic inflammation and the resolvome, non IgE - mediated mast cell activation in diseases Eliot H. Ohlstein, USA (Editor)- Drug discovery and development, urogenital biology, cardiovascular / metabolic medicine John A. Peters, UK (LGICs Liaison) Alex Phipps, UK - Oncology, Clinical Pharmacology, Biologics and Immunotherapy Joerg Striessnig, Austria (VGICs Liaison)- Physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiological role of voltage-gated calcium channels

Because the same pool of naïve T cells can differentiate into inflammatory effector T cells or inhibitory Tregs, generation of immune responses requires promoting the differentiation of inflammatory T cells while reciprocally inhibiting the formation of Tregs.

Background: Interferon inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are effectors of the immune system widely characterized for their role in restricting infection by diverse enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.

Work on NLRP3, IL - 1beta and metabolism formed part of the renaissance of interest in immunometabolism, which in this context means intracellular metabolic changes occurring in immunity that are governing for immune and inflammatory effector mechanisms.