Not exact matches
Although the Chief Justice acknowledged that this argument had some merit, the more determinative factor — and the key difference between the statutory
immunity provisions relied upon by the ERCB and Alberta Environment — was that the
immunity clause with respect to the former explicitly contemplated the regulator as an entity («the Board or a member
of the Board...») whereas the
immunity provisions under the Water Act and the EPEA did not (referring only to «persons» in various capacities; see paras 62 — 71).
Counsel for Ms. Ernst argued that these were inapplicable in light
of the pleadings that Alberta Environment had acted in bad faith (these
provisions explicitly limit
immunity to acts or omissions taken in good faith).
This would certainly seem to be effective to confer an
immunity on the listed parties for losses that are incurred in the province; but what if a party outside the province suffers losses (see Reference re Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act, [1984] 1 SCR 297, 1984 CanLII 17 (SCC)-RRB-, or what if the exercise
of authority under the Act rests upon a reckless understanding as to the constitutional underpinnings
of a particular
provision?
Even then, the district may have a defense against the liability in the form
of «governmental
immunity,» although laws regarding injury claims that establish this precedent differ considerably across states.7 All five states included in this analysis had some form
of governmental
immunity, but the strength
of those
provisions varies.
In such cases the
provisions of paragraph 5
of this article shall also apply, except that the
immunities therein mentioned shall cease to apply when such a courier has delivered to the consignee the diplomatic bag in his charge.
There are
provisions of the U.S. Constitution such as the privileges and
immunities clause that apply only to U.S. citizens, but the ones are cite are not among them.
Although
immunity can be waived, keep in mind that even if a tribe has expressly waived sovereign
immunity, there may be other procedural pitfalls, such as notice
of claim
provisions and statute
of limitations deadlines pertaining to actions against the tribal government or employees.
The three dominant themes in 2008 cases where PIL was invoked were as follows: UK / EU law implementation
of UNSC resolutions concerning freezing
of alleged terrorist assets (sanctions cases); the acts / omissions
of UK authorities in Iraq / Afghanistan viewed in the context
of PIL and
provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Human Rights Act 1998 (Iraq / Afghanistan related cases); and state / diplomatic
immunity in the context
of civil proceedings and / or attempts to enforce arbitration awards against assets
of State entities in the UK (Civil
immunity cases).
I don't know whether the same issue has arisen in U.K. caselaw, though I note that the U.K. State
Immunity Act has a
provision (s. 21) quite similar to s. 14
of the Canadian Act.
Section 1 (1)
of the State
Immunity Act provides foreign states with a general immunity from suit before the UK courts subject to the Act's pro
Immunity Act provides foreign states with a general
immunity from suit before the UK courts subject to the Act's pro
immunity from suit before the UK courts subject to the Act's
provisions.
In doing so, it placed especial emphasis on the fact that a similarly structured
provision was dropped from the final text
of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional
Immunities for States and their Properties 2004, as it was considered contrary to the principle
of non-discrimination on grounds
of nationality, one
of the cornerstones
of international law.
O.C.G.A. § 16-11-135 is just one
of many
immunity provisions under Georgia law, and those with a possible negligence claim should always consider finding counsel experienced in the legal nuances
of all the possible claims they may have.
State
Immunity from Federal Disability Discrimination Laws:
Provisions of the ADA and Rehabilitation Act Declared Unconstitutional, 8.
That jurisdiction is founded on statutory
provision which requires the law
of the DIFC to be first applied and only in absentia to move on to the cascading subparagraphs»
provisions,
of which the last is the law
of England and Wales, which for reasons which are apparent, in the light
of the decisions
of the English Courts set out above (Burton J and Briggs LJ) on the absence
of immunity of the KRG in the present case, does not assist the KRG.
In my judgment, there is no way
of escaping the width
of the waiver
provisions, which specifically refer to the assets
of the KRG and, as is accepted,
of the KRI also, and can only be taken therefore to include a waiver
of immunity from execution as well as suit.
Moreover, the waiver
of immunity contended for was an implied waiver, said to arise from the arbitration agreement itself where it was agreed that the Award was to be «binding on the parties» and included a
provision that the parties undertook «to carry out any Award without delay and should be deemed to have waived their right to any form or recourse insofar as such waiver can validly be made».
In doing so, he referred to the US and European
provisions and to Article 7 (1)(b)
of the 2004 UN Convention on Jurisdictional
Immunities of States and their Property, which Lord Bingham had referred to in Jones v Saudi Arabia [2007] 1 AC 70 at paragraphs 8 and 26 (d) as reflecting current international thinking.
It is to be noted that the peculiarity
of the HKSAR's position in relation to the PRC, its Basic Law and the express
provision therein requiring reference
of matters within the powers
of the Central People's Government to the Standing Committee, together with the PRC doctrine
of absolute
immunity, form the context in which this decision was made.
Notwithstanding that it had instructed Wilmer Hale, London - based solicitors who had represented it at all stages
of the London - seated Arbitration and the related High Court proceedings, the KRG refused to give Wilmer Hale permission to accept service
of the Claimants» application for a peremptory order, thus obliging the Claimants to serve that application in accordance with the slow and cumbersome
provisions set out in section 12 (1)
of the English State
Immunity Act 1978 and Rule 6.44
of the English Civil Procedure Rules (the «English CPR»).......
In Benkharbouche v Embassy
of Sudan, the Court declared that two
provisions of the State
Immunity Act 1978, which prevented members
of the service staff
of two embassies from bringing employment claims before the English courts, are incompatible with Articles 6 and 14
of the ECHR.
State courts have also recognized that legislative
immunity provisions enshrined in state constitutions also protect this bedrock principle.12 Moreover, as one Florida appellate court noted, legislative
immunity is integral to the constitutional separation
of powers: «The power vested in the legislature under the Florida Constitution would be severely compromised if [the judicial branch could compel] legislators... to appear in court to explain why they voted a particular way or to describe their process
of gathering information on a bill.»
Our trial attorneys have obtained numerous judgments for clients in both federal and state trial courts, including claims where
provisions of the Tort
Immunity Act were successfully argued to limit and / or completely bar claims.
No
provision of this section, or
of any other section
of the Florida Statutes, whether read separately or in conjunction with any other
provision, shall be construed to waive the
immunity of the state or any
of its agencies from suit in federal court, as such
immunity is guaranteed by the Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution
of the United States, unless such waiver is explicitly and definitely stated to be a waiver
of the
immunity of the state and its agencies from suit in federal court.
Articles 11 to 14 and Article 17
of the Protocol on the privileges and
immunities of the European Union shall apply to the Judges, Advocates - General, Registrar and Assistant Rapporteurs
of the Court
of Justice
of the European Union, without prejudice to the
provisions relating to
immunity from legal proceedings
of Judges which are set out in the preceding paragraphs.
The function
of a parallel Ontario
provision (as well as the limits
of such
immunity where a plaintiff alleges bad faith conduct) is illustrated in the Ontario case
of Deep.
Since it went beyond what was required by international law, the application
of immunity to the Claimants amounted to an unlawful breach
of the ECHR, art 6 (the right to a fair trial) as well as to the similar
provisions of Charter
of Fundamental Rights
of the European Union (art 47).
In respect
of non-EU law rights, the Supreme Court re-affirmed the Court
of Appeal's «declaration
of incompatibility» under Human Rights Act 1998, stating that the relevant
provisions of the State
Immunity Act are contrary to the Claimants» right
of access to the court and are discriminatory.
Once in a while I post on State
Immunity, one of my favourites sub-themes in same being waiver of immunity, whether by contractual provision or following sub
Immunity, one
of my favourites sub-themes in same being waiver
of immunity, whether by contractual provision or following sub
immunity, whether by contractual
provision or following submission.
After the verdict, the defendants brought a «threshold motion» (Shaw v. Mkheyan, 2017 ONSC 851) for a declaration that Mr. Shaw's claims for general damages and future care costs were barred on the basis that his injuries did not fall within the exceptions to the statutory
immunity provided for in sections 267.5 (3)(b) and 267.5 (b)
of the Insurance Act, RSO 1990, c. I. 8 and the applicable regulations (the «threshold
provisions»).
It found that the Code is paramount over statutory
immunity provisions, that deliberative secrecy was irrelevant when the complainant only sought to rely on documents that were already disclosed, and that the rule
of collateral attack was restricted to situations where a decision was sought to be overturned as opposed to having its facts re-litigated (¶ ¶ 64 - 66).
11KBW's Karen Steyn QC appeared in Benkharbouche and Janah (judgment 18 October 2017), in which the Supreme Court held that
provisions of the State
Immunity Act 1978 preventing...
Also, the law appears in direct conflict with 47 U.S.C. 230, a
provision in the federal Communications Decency Act which provides intermediaries such as blogs, social networking sites and online publications with
immunity from any legal obligations regarding the comments
of downstream users.
Antitrust litigation has increased dramatically since Canada adopted its
immunity program for the criminal
provisions of the Competition Act (cartels and bid rigging).
The US Department
of Justice (DoJ) has used the leniency and
immunity provisions with some success to secure convictions, particularly in relation to cartel offences.
The effect
of the statutory
immunity provisions is that those in the boardroom are increasingly vulnerable to others rightly or wrongly blowing the whistle.
However, it concluded that the Russian courts had failed to examine whether the nature
of the transaction underlying the claim was
of a private law nature and to take into account the
provisions of international law in favour
of restrictive
immunity.
While I still think I'm right as a conceptual matter that impossibility preemption generally turns on conduct rather than liability, the fact that it'd render the
immunity provision a nullity is a problem since the question is ultimately one
of statutory interpretation.
That
provision, which is roughly equivalent to the safe harbor
provisions in Section 512
of the DMCA, gives conditional
immunity to Internet platforms for user - uploaded content, and rules out the imposition
of a general obligation to monitor such content.