The model outputs are generally presented as an average of an ensemble
of individual runs (and even ensembles
of individual runs from multiple models), in order to remove this variability from the overall picture, because among grownups it is understood that 1) the long term trends are what we're interested and 2) the coarseness of our measurements of initial conditions combined with a finite modeled grid size means that models can not predict precisely when and how temps will vary around a trend in the real world (they can, however, by being run many times, give us a good idea of the * magnitude * of that variance, including how many years of flat or declining temperatures we might expect to see pop up from time to time).
By the way, trying to define the standard error as the spread
of individual runs about the mean does not win this argument.
The monte carlo aspect
of individual runs have to do with the setting of initial conditions (which can never be known totally precisely) along with random pertubations ranging over things which can't be precisely determined (even for an atomic weapon, which was the domain space for which Johnny Von Neumann invented the methodology — note: the hiroshima and nagasaki * did * explode).
Table does not give trends
of individual runs, just the average and standard deviation.
the real question is do
any of the individual RUNS demonstrate these cycles.
Now, the average does better than
any of the individual runs... but what does that mean?
All that is shown for AR4 are 2035 uncertainty ranges for three AR4 scenarios (including A1B) in the right margin, plus a spaghetti
of individual runs (a spaghetti that does not correspond to any actual AR4 graphic.)
You have to remember that the 5 year forecast is derived from a large number
of individual runs each with slightly different starting conditions matching the range of the observational uncertainty in the real starting conditions.
In a paper published in Annals of Physics in January, the researchers propose two main ingredients that are sufficient to account for all properties of quantum measurements, including the uniqueness of the outcome
of each individual run.
Not exact matches
Telegram CEO Pavel Durov called for «digital resistance», saying he was prepared to give out millions
of dollars worth
of grants in bitcoin digital currency to
individuals and companies that
run proxies and VPNs to support internet freedom.
Telegram CEO Pavel Durov called on Tuesday for «digital resistance», saying he was prepared to give out millions
of dollars worth
of grants in bitcoin digital currency to
individuals and companies that
run proxies and VPNs to support internet freedom.
Helena Morrissey
of the London - based Legal and General is making a big push for sustainable investing, saying at a conference Monday that
individual investors are becoming increasingly wary
of putting their money in the market as they fear companies will act in ways that
run counter to the investor's own moral beliefs.
Co-founder and president Ed Calnan also highlights the achievements he has seen from
individual employees in his «Friday Night Lights» email, sent out at the end
of each week to inspire employees to come back into work excited to hit the ground
running on Monday morning.
These rules are far from simple,
running into the hundreds
of pages for each
individual preferential treatment.
A traditional view
of entrepreneurs is that they are creative
individuals who tinker in garages, lack social skills and can't
run anything.
This
of course
runs counter to so many cultures» idea that the
individual is the most important thing, but the Rosetan community seems to buck the popular idea that we're better, healthier and happier alone.
Here's why you should join your neighbors in supporting this campaign: We've been
running the numbers, and with hundreds
of thousands
of individual donors across the country — we are now well on our way to a million people.
Crucially, Alaskan firms aren't subject to the limits on no - bid contracts that apply to other 8 (a) s. And while the CEO
of a regular 8 (a) must be a «disadvantaged»
individual, the Alaskans are free to hire whomever they choose to
run the business — and usually their choices are rich with experience in government contracting, particularly at the Pentagon.
To drive engagement, the company enlisted Likeable to launch a #purebarrelife campaign, a contest which asked clients to share personal stories about integrating Pure Barre into their daily lives through text, photos and videos on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest for a chance to win prizes.The company enlisted the agency's help because Likeable has the expertise to navigate the challenges involved in
running a national social - media contest, such as time demands, possible legal issues, and the unique rules and guidelines
of each
individual platform.
Gibson Quai senior consultant Glyn Jenkins said the technology
of blown fibre, a pipe containing 19
individual straws
of around12 pairs
of optic fibre
run down the length
of a building, was a flexible way
of running various services to different tenancies.
The way that the company is
run is by understanding the importance
of the
individual: You clearly can
run a business just focusing on delivering a task or you can
run a business while you focus on delivering a purpose, and the purpose being a little bit bigger than the task.
In order to keep things
running smoothly every company needs a group
of individuals who keep its financial performance ticking along.
The San Francisco based startup is one
of the largest companies known as peer - to - peer lenders and
runs a website where consumers can apply for loans that are either funded by
individual investors or by institutions such as banks.
Maurer wants
individuals to consider the point at which they're most likely to
run out
of money.
Having started his career
running an
individual Red Robin, he believed restaurants that reflect the personality and leadership
of the general manager treat people better — and consequently perform better — than corporate - driven entities.
Those
individual PC - based licenses authorized the navy to install BS Contact Geo on just 38 computers for the purposes
of testing, trial
runs, and integration into Navy systems.»
Data companies can
run your list through the merge purge process and remove any names
of individuals who are deceased or incarcerated.
The U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services has given conditional approval to 18 states to
run their own Small - Business Health Options Programs (SHOPs) and to another 17 to
run their own insurance exchanges for
individuals.
Federal investigators are reportedly looking into possible manipulation
of Herbalife's stock and have interviewed
individuals hired by hedge - fund manager William Ackman, who has been
running a campaign against the nutritional - products company for over two years.
It also seems to
run afoul
of part c: «an
individual who is acting under the direction
of a government or agency.»
«It was beyond reprehensible that there were
individuals that
ran a business model based on taking advantage
of people, especially vulnerable people.»
Some other labour organizations have followed suit, including Toronto CUPE locals which, in the wake
of a privatization drive by Mayor Rob Ford, have
run several hearts - and - minds campaigns depicting
individual city employees talking about the public services they deliver.
Investopedia: «An
individual who, rather than working as an employee,
runs a small business and assumes all the risk and reward
of a given business venture, idea, or good or service offered for sale.
Mining, a process by which
individuals or groups get paid in new Bitcoins to
run complex mathematical equations on high - powered computers in order to confirm the validity
of transactions, has drawn scrutiny from environmentalists who say it's sucking up too much electricity.
It had been expected that Riley Bechtel would serve as CEO until the end
of 2017, the year
of his 65th birthday, and that Brendan Bechtel would keep
running individual businesses for two or three years before becoming president around 2016.
Organizing the company into segments where
individual CEOs can
run things separately with a higher degree
of autonomy is a good way to accomplishing that, Page believes, according to the sources.
explaining the philosophy
of its founder Arkadi Kuhlmann - who believes in the power
of individuals to control their financial destiny - and his long -
running partnership with uce Philp.
And venture is not alone; only 5 percent
of the S&P 500 index has a female CEO; 3 percent
of U.S. senior leadership teams are racially diverse; 8 percent
of law firm equity partners are
individuals of color; and 18 percent
of the largest nonprofits ($ 50 million + budgets) are
run by women, despite an overwhelmingly (75 percent) female employee base.
They also allow those investors to avoid the high costs
of stock - brokerage commissions and financial planning fees that eat into returns, as well as the risks
of investing in
individual companies that may choose less - competent leaders or
run into unforeseen problems.
As the value
of the digital currency has climbed, so has the amount
of energy needed to keep this online economy
running, which now exceeds the energy use
of 159
individual countries, according to one controversial estimate.
I absolutely do not believe that mutual funds are a better investment than
individual stocks (companies that pay rising dividends over time) over the long
run, so I invest the rest
of my savings in a taxable account (as well as maxing out my Roth IRA every year,
of which
individual stocks are purchased).
These high net worth
individuals include Ankush Nijhawan, co-founder
of business - to - business (B2B) travel portal Travel Boutique Online; Rahul Khetrapal, who
runs several casinos in Goa under the brand Casino Pride; Gaurav Bhatnagar and Manish Dhingra.
First
of all, yes, I
ran a small hedge fund from 2004 to 2012, which I then converted to
individual managed accounts.
The Princeton professor thus concludes: «The only hope — both for
individuals and for institutions
running retirement portfolios — is to increase, not decrease, the share
of the portfolio devoted to equities.»
Ionis Pharmaceuticals is not currently considering
individual requests for expanded access that are outside
of a company -
run expanded access protocol (listed below).
The trader, Sarao, was not part
of a sophisticated firm that operated microwave networks or paid for colocation services but rather a single
individual who tweaked a software program that he used to repeatedly
run the same manipulative layering strategies.
Voted most influential PPC expert 3 year's
running and most retweeted
individual by search marketers in 2014 are just 2
of many accolades.
In this age
of zero privacy, Mark Leonard has managed to maintain a practically unthinkable level
of anonymity for just about any
individual — let alone an IT executive who
runs one
of Canada's most dynamic, fastest - growing and most acquisitive software companies, and who has been compared favourably with Warren Buffett and Prem Watsa.»
A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from their own money, or the money paid by subsequent investors, instead
of from profit earned by the
individuals running the business.
The paper reported that damages could in theory go up to $ 40,000 per violation, which if applied to all 50 million
individuals allegedly impacted would mean Facebook's «possible exposure
runs into the trillions
of dollars.»