In other words, at maximum efficiency it would only take several hundred thousand tons (or about two supertankers full)
of iron dust to restore the lost plankton to 1980 levels and solve half our global warming surplus, too.
In the coming days to weeks, Planktos, a small California - based «ecorestoration» company, will use a 115 - foot (35 - meter) research ship to dump a hundred tons
of iron dust into international waters some 200 miles (322 kilometers) west of the Galápagos Islands.
In the summer of 2012, Russ George, formerly of Planktos Corporation, lead the West Coast Haida Nation into a plot to unilaterally dump 100 tons
of iron dust into the Pacific Ocean off British Columbia, Canada.
Regular listeners know this happened in the summer of 2012, as the unstoppable Russ George, formerly of Planktos Corporation, lead the West Coast Haida Nation into a plot to unilaterally dump 100 tons
of iron dust into the Pacific Ocean off British Columbia, Canada.
A few years ago, someone wanted to dump tons
of iron dust into the oceans to promote algae growth.
It authorized the release of roughly 110 metric tons
of iron dust, 91 metric tons of the iron sulfate fertilizer commonly used as a lawn treatment and employed in other scientific experiments, and nearly 20 metric tons of the iron oxide found in soils around the world.
Not exact matches
City have been an unpredictable sort on the road so far, winning just one
of their opening three away fixtures in the league: Tottenham Hotspur (0 - 0), Sunderland (1 - 0L) and Wigan Athletic (0 - 2W), while they were dumped out
of the League Cup by West Brom at The Hawthorns last month, so there are still some fragilities that need to be
ironed out by manager Roberto Mancini although the team have collectively
dusted themselves off admirably and will stretch their unbeaten run to five games so long as they get a result away at Blackpool, who have yet to win a home fixture in the league up till now.
Dust grains are composed
of elements like carbon, silicon, oxygen,
iron, and magnesium.
Of the 30 or so trace elements Geotraces scientists are studying, some — such as
iron and copper — are naturally occurring nutrients supplied by
dust storms and deep - sea vents.
Now, researchers have estimated how much fertiliser, in the form
of iron and phosphorus, is in the
dust.
Of course, the fact that dust has played a natural cooling role in the past does not mean that the deliberate application of iron filings to the ocean surface would have a similar cooling effect toda
Of course, the fact that
dust has played a natural cooling role in the past does not mean that the deliberate application
of iron filings to the ocean surface would have a similar cooling effect toda
of iron filings to the ocean surface would have a similar cooling effect today.
Dim objects called brown dwarfs, less massive than the Sun but more massive than Jupiter, have powerful winds and clouds — specifically, hot patchy clouds made
of iron droplets and silicate
dust.
Ocean chemist Philip Boyd
of the University
of Otago in New Zealand says many other researchers have tried to link an infusion
of iron from volcanic ash or even
dust storms to plankton blooms, but this study is the first to «verify such a massive event.»
In the summer
of 2008 Mount Kasatoshi in Alaska's Aleutian Islands blew, sending volcanic minerals, including
iron dust, far to sea and prompting plankton blooms across the Gulf
of Alaska.
That lack
of Aeolian
dust is a wonderful boon to pasture on land because it's topsoil blowing away, but it's tragic for the oceans because it's a source
of iron for the oceans.
Dust from the Sahara Desert provides most
of the
iron found in the Atlantic Ocean, according to research that also sheds light on how the oceans help sequester carbon dioxide
The presence
of crystalline grains and multiple
iron - bearing phases, including sulfide, in some particles indicates that individual interstellar particles diverge from any one representative model
of interstellar
dust inferred from astronomical observations and theory.
Iron can fuel plankton blooms and influence how the ocean responds to climate change, while the lead images show the impact
of past pollution on the ocean and continuing contamination in some parts
of the world and aluminium is used as a tracer
of desert
dust inputs to the ocean.
The paper «Seasonal ITCZ migration dynamically controls the location
of the (sub) tropical Atlantic biogeochemical divide» highlights how
dust blowing off Africa's deserts amplify surface levels
of iron in the Atlantic that in turn control the spatial activity
of nitrogen gas fixing phytoplankton and phosphate content in the Tropical Atlantic.
Dust from Bodélé blows across the Atlantic Ocean to South America, where the
iron and phosphorus it contains fertilize the nutrient - poor soil
of the Amazon rainforest.
A look at wild Trichodesmium suggests that the cyanobacteria may have unexpected ways
of compensating in
iron - starved waters, enhancing the capture
of minerals from
dust settling out
of the air, for instance.
He and colleagues have used the
dust - analysing instrument on Cassini to find a record 36 particles, mostly made
of magnesium, calcium,
iron, silicon and oxygen.
The
dust is comprised primarily
of elements such as carbon, silicon, magnesium,
iron and oxygen.
We support additional experimentation and modeling, whether looking at natural sources
of iron from
dust, volcanoes, rivers, seafloor, or when
iron is added to the ocean during controlled experiments.
Tests are conducted to see if the right mix
of these heavy elements that are in
dust are present, such as titanium and
iron.
His calculations indicate that
dust from Africa and Asia injects large amounts
of iron into the world's oceans.
Possible mechanisms include (iv) fertilization
of phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean by increased deposition
of iron - containing
dust from the atmosphere after being carried by winds from colder, drier continental areas, and a subsequent redistribution
of limiting nutrients; (v) an increase in the whole ocean nutrient content (e.g., through input
of material exposed on shelves or nitrogen fixation); and (vi) an increase in the ratio between carbon and other nutrients assimilated in organic material, resulting in a higher carbon export per unit
of limiting nutrient exported.
* 1: Cosmic
dust consists
of small solid particles composed
of silicon, carbon,
iron and other elements about the size
of 0.1 micrometer.
Cosmic
dust is small solid particles consisted
of silicon, carbon,
iron and other elements with the size smaller than 1 micrometer.
But the film takes a nosedive into overbaked melodramatics when it
dusts off the history books and veers in all directions to tell its crooked tale (blurring fact and fiction)
of the
iron - clad will
of the strong monarch (voicing that the good fight was for God and country) and how she defeated the Spanish Armada and brought a long and fruitful time
of peace and prosperity to her country.
With a little help
of our in - house geek, a bunch
of the YAMMag team
dusted off their lists to rank our favorite Marvel Cinematic Universe films from 2008's
Iron Man all the way to Black Panther, in celebration
of the decade - long MCU and the release for Avengers: Infinity War.
The resulting titles were very diverse: Toy Soldiers: Cold War (sequel to the highly popular hybrid tower defense title), Fruit Ninja Kinect (popular iOS game and the first Kinect XBLA game), Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet (a Metroidvania title from the The
Iron Giant's Michel Gagne), From
Dust (return
of Eric Chahi), and Bastion (a captivating world by an indie darling).
They staggered in a drunken waltz for a few seconds, kicking up swirls
of dust and snapping the dried weeds around them, until the man suddenly collapsed into his arms and pushed him against a large
iron mooring bollard.
Other games on Steam, published by Microsoft include: ******* 2011 ******** - Fable The Lost Chapters - Fable III ******* 2012 ******** - Age
of Empires III: Complete Edition - Age
of Empires Online - Deadlight - Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet -
Iron Brigade - Mark
of the Ninja - Microsoft Flight - Toy Soldiers ******* 2013 ******** - Age
of Empires II HD + The Conquerors - Age
of Empires II HD: The Forgotten -
Dust: An Elysian Tail - Ms. Splosion Man - Pinball FX 2 - The Harvest - State
of Decay ******* 2014 ******** - Age
of Mythology: Extended Edition - Happy Wars - LocoCycle - Rise
of Nations: Extended Edition - Max: The Curse
of Brotherhood - Halo: Spartan Assault http://en.wikipedia.org/wik...
Iron Crypticle is your typical twin - stick shooter with a light
dusting of RPG.
But here we are, The Rise
of Iron is upon us, the latest expansion to Destiny, but is it enough to have you wipe the
dust of your copy
of the game?
Interactive Entertainment Child
of Eden - Tetsuya Mizuguchi, Takashi Ishihara, Yuki Ichiki Q Entertainment / Ubisoft From
Dust - Eric Chahi, Guillaume Brunier, Bruno Gentile?Ubisoft Montpellier L.A. Noire - Brendan McNamara, Oliver Bao, Franta Fulin Team Bondi / Rockstar Games LittleBigPlanet 2 - Media Molecule / Sony Computers Entertainment Europe The Legend
of Zelda: Skyward Sword - Nintendo Mobile & Handheld Dead Space iOS -
Iron Monkey Studios / Electronic Arts Magnetic Billiards: Blueprint - John Pickford, Ste Pickford Pickford Bros / Zee -3 Limited Peggle - JP Vaughan, Paul O'Donnell, Sukhbir Sidhu Popcap Games / Electronic Arts Quarrel - Gary Penn, Aaron Puzey, Sean Taylor Denki Games / UTV Ignition Games Super Mario 3D Land - Nintendo The Nightjar - Somethin' Else Online — Browser Gardens
of Time - Playdom / Disney Interactive Media Group I Am Playr - Oli Madgett, Steve Didd, Dan Mayers We R Interactive Monstermind - Henrique Olifiers, Mike Bithell, Ric Moore Bossa Studios Resistance 3 - Insomniac Game / Sony Computer Entertainment Europe Skylanders: Spyro's Universe - Toys for Bob / Activision Blizzard The Sims Social - Playfish / Electronic Arts Online - Multiplayer Assassin's Creed: Revelations - Martin Schelling, Darby McDevitt, Raphael Lacoste Ubisoft Montreal / Ubisoft Battlefield 3 - Fredrik Loving, Joakim Bodin, Oskar Gabrielson EA DICE Call
of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 - Infinity Ward and Sledgehammer Games / Activision Blizzard Dark Souls - From Software / Namco Bandai Games Gears
of War 3 - Epic Games / Microsoft Studios LittleBigPlanet 2 - Media Molecule / Sony Computers Entertainment Europe Original Music Assassin's Creed: Revelations - Jesper Kyd, Lorne Balfe?Ubisoft Montreal / Ubisoft Batman: Arkham City - Nick Arundel, Jamie Walker, Sefton Hill Rocksteady Studios / Warner Bros..
Of course, now the dust has settled, early teething issues ironed out and a wider selection of games made available (and more just about to land), now could be the perfect time for those interested in the Switch to pick one up if they haven't alread
Of course, now the
dust has settled, early teething issues
ironed out and a wider selection
of games made available (and more just about to land), now could be the perfect time for those interested in the Switch to pick one up if they haven't alread
of games made available (and more just about to land), now could be the perfect time for those interested in the Switch to pick one up if they haven't already.
Delicate uses
of a soldering
iron and brick
dust creates vast landscapes with great depth and a tactile feel to them.
Mostly created from a novel mixture
of cement and
iron dust, and inspired by weatherworn medieval Balkan tombstones, her creations are far starker than the work
of British contemporaries such as Moore and Hepworth.
The German artist Bea Schlingelhoff is
dusting the bridge leading into the replica village with a thin layer
of iron oxide, a pigment commonly found in California mineral deposits.
From these relationships and reconstructed temperature time series, we diagnose glacial − interglacial time series
of dust radiative forcing and
iron fertilization
of ocean biota, and use these time series to force Earth system model simulations.
Plankton blooms happen naturally when
dust containing
iron settles on ocean waters where a lack
of iron otherwise prevents plankton from thriving.
Minerals in the
dust, like
iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and potassium, settles into the ocean to the benefit
of some species and detriment
of others.
Planktos, the California company trying to turn a profit by fertilizing the ocean with
iron dust, pulled the plug on planned field tests on Wednesday, citing a lack
of funds.
Two years ago this month, an edge - pushing environmental entrepreneur and a company formed by a Native Canadian village set off a wave
of international protest by dispersing a pink slurry
of 100 tons
of iron - rich
dust over one
of the 60 - mile - wide ocean eddies that routinely drift across the salmon feeding grounds
of the Gulf
of Alaska.
Scientists who have studied past phases
of climate change have found that
iron dust may have caused similar effects during ice ages and are hoping to replicate those without causing unwanted fallout.
It is true that more practical research has been done on some CDR techniques, but to imply that large - scale biochar or BECCS plantations, ocean
iron - fertilisation (OIF), ocean alkalinisation or enhanced weathering by spreading rock
dust over millions
of square kilometres — to name but a few CDR options — are well tested and low - risk is (to put it bluntly), also «nuts».
Dust storms, which are expected to increase in some regions due to climate change, could wreak their own havoc, because iron - rich mineral dust can drive a 10 - to 1,000-fold increase in the growth rate of Vibrio bacte
Dust storms, which are expected to increase in some regions due to climate change, could wreak their own havoc, because
iron - rich mineral
dust can drive a 10 - to 1,000-fold increase in the growth rate of Vibrio bacte
dust can drive a 10 - to 1,000-fold increase in the growth rate
of Vibrio bacteria.
Plankton forms the main food
of many ocean species, and fisheries could be badly hit by the loss
of these micro-organisms as a result
of warmer waters, according to the paper, published this week in the British journal Nature... Other factors that influence phytoplankton growth include [
iron]
dust blown from the land, and variations in solar radiation.