Sentences with phrase «of iron particles»

«Even the placement of iron particles into the ocean, whether for carbon sequestration or fish replenishment, should not take place, unless it is assessed and found to be legitimate scientific research without commercial motivation.

MR fluid is a suspension of iron particles in a synthetic fluid.

Not exact matches

And while the meeting was frank about the major problems facing the planet while being relatively upbeat about solving at least some of them, one side session also showed the darker side of global deliberations with a look at some of the options being offered by intentionally manipulating the Earth's climate through geoengineering from dumping iron filings into the ocean to seeding clouds and pumping «designer particles» into the stratosphere.

To create the wallpaper, the team started with steel foil sandwiched between layers of paper that are coated with magnetic paint — acrylic paint infused with iron particles.

The key lies in particles of glass and metallic iron in the lunar soil.

The dual measurements allow a rough determination of the type of particle that produced the shower — for example, whether it was a proton or an iron nucleus.

They are often based on metals, and the new example is no exception — it consists of atomically small particles of ruthenium, a metal related to iron, sitting on a material called cerium oxide.

The researchers look forward to functionalizing nanodrugs with the iron oxide particles to allow mapping of the vasculature and the simultaneous transportation of nanodrugs.

When small, iron - rich particles are melted and then cooled, they record the presence of any magnetic field that may be present at the time.

The sun spews energetic particles that can pry life - sustaining molecules from our atmosphere, but Earth's magnetic shield, which originates from the planet's hot core of churning, liquid iron, shoos those particles away.

The presence of crystalline grains and multiple iron - bearing phases, including sulfide, in some particles indicates that individual interstellar particles diverge from any one representative model of interstellar dust inferred from astronomical observations and theory.

Not only did the SWCNTs actually facilitate the formation of the iron oxide particles, but they ensured excellent physical and electrical contact between the two materials.

Another high - profile test — of dumping iron particles into the ocean to stimulate plankton growth — failed miserably after being disrupted by protesters.

They think the skill may be related to small particles of magnetite, an iron oxide, located in two masses of nerve tissue in the forward part of the lobsters» bodies.

The experiment is now operating a half mile underground in the Soudan iron mine in northeastern Minnesota, where the effects of cosmic ray particles are largely eliminated.

About 30,000 detectors sandwiched between the sheets of iron will track these charged particles, providing information about the incident neutrinos.

Both free - ranging and captive white - tailed eagles showed the same selective feeding pattern: iron particles of up to 3 mm were ingested very frequently, whereas larger metal fragments were typically detected and removed from the food.

The researchers used non-toxic soft iron particles instead of lead - based bullets to prevent any intoxication of or injuries to the scavengers.

First, the surface charge on a particle of magnetite (a form of iron oxide) depends on the pH of the solution surrounding it: below pH 6 it is positive, and above it is negative.

By growing iron atoms into incredibly small particles, Zhang increases the number of electrons they release as much as 1,000-fold.

Particles of the new material could be incorporated in a paint to shield sensitive equipment in medical areas, labs, or aeroplanes from the effects of high - speed wireless communications, says Ohkoshi, who adds that the paint would be relatively cheap to make because aluminium and iron are abundant materials.

He and colleagues have used the dust - analysing instrument on Cassini to find a record 36 particles, mostly made of magnesium, calcium, iron, silicon and oxygen.

In a Webcast talk from Stanford University, Jodi Cooley, a particle physicist at Southern Methodist University, presented the latest results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search 2 (CDMS - 2), a series of detectors buried deep underground in a former iron mine in northern Minnesota.

Dark, iron - rich hematite particles may have preserved protein fragments in this 195 - million - year - old dinosaur rib, according to one of two independent studies of dinosaur proteins.

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS), buried half a mile deep in an old Minnesota iron mine to shield it from cosmic rays, searches for collisions between dark - matter particles called WIMPS and ordinary atoms in 19 hockey - puck - size hunks of germanium.

Before injecting nematodes with magnetic nanoparticles, the scientists first coated the manganese — iron nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol, a molecule that targeted the particles to the mucus layer of the amphid region (an opening near the nematode's mouth that hosts the nerve cells involved in the heat avoidance reflex).

Using an electron microscope, José - Yacaman found not only indigo but also particles of iron, manganese, chromium, and titanium, in grapelike bunches of about 1,000 atoms each, embedded within the clay (inset).

Sophisticated microscopic instruments were used to look for iron - containing nanoscale particles — specifically locating them from thousands of aerosol particles.

Scientists have long believed that acids formed from human - generated pollution and natural emissions dissolve iron in airborne particles — increasing the amount of iron to the ocean — but have lacked direct evidence to prove this theory.

Now, iron - rich particles from steel manufacturing and coal burning, collected in the East China Sea, have been found to have a thick sulphate coating containing soluble iron that provides the «smoking gun'to prove the theory of acid iron dissolution.

Scientists collected three types of iron - bearing particles from the Yellow Sea, the northern part of the East China Sea located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula.

Iron particles generated by cities and industry are being dissolved by human - made air pollution and washed into the sea — potentially increasing the amount of greenhouse gases that the world's oceans can absorb, a new study suggests.

The team's data are a «cast - iron signature» of positrons, says Jasper Kirkby, a particle physicist who heads an experiment investigating a possible link between cosmic rays and cloud formation at the CERN particle - physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland.

Analysis of the sediment and groundwater showed that iron oxide and oxyhydroxide particles in both substances play a key role in regulating how much tungsten is in the groundwater.

The fewer iron oxides or oxyhydroxide particles, the higher the amount of tungsten, Datta said.

The answer lay in the shape, size, and distribution of the graphite particles in the cast iron.

In the study published this week in the journal Science, the research team described how they enhanced an existing imaging technique, called scanning tunneling microscopy, to capture signals from the Majorana particle at both ends of an atomically thin iron wire stretched on the surface of a crystal of lead.

The findings are consistent with the idea, first proposed nearly 40 years ago, that animals have tiny magnetic particles of an iron - containing compound called magnetite in their bodies.

Higher energy particles — such as those from the nuclei of heavy elements like iron — are rarer than common, lower - energy particles such as protons.

Their subatomic particles collide, and the iron atoms» nuclei split, leaving behind helium nuclei plus a few leftover neutrons and absorbing a lot of energy in the process.

I've been experimenting with T10 dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles, obviously not the same as fullerenes, but still a very interesting tool, I've been testing if the coating is giving the particle antioxidant abilities because of it's the (basically) indigestable sugar chains (glucose) creating a high surface area which are largely made from hydroxyl groups, I hypothesised this act's as a «sink» for reactive oxygen species converting them to water.

These lightweight nuclei are probably produced by the breakdown, or spallation, of heavier elements, such as iron and magnesium, by high - energy particles in stellar atmospheres or in the early stages of star formation.

To make the particles, each between one and five micrometers in size, researchers filled the beehive structure of synthetic silicon dioxide with semiconductive silicon the same way a blacksmith would pour molten metal into a cast iron mold.

A half - mile down in an old iron ore mine in Minnesota, incredibly sensitive detectors have been waiting for a particle of dark matter, an invisible substance that may form the skeleton of galaxies, to make itself known.

* 1: Cosmic dust consists of small solid particles composed of silicon, carbon, iron and other elements about the size of 0.1 micrometer.

They could produce iron particles as they grow, which could become components in electronics that are a hybrid of biology and machine.

Cosmic dust is small solid particles consisted of silicon, carbon, iron and other elements with the size smaller than 1 micrometer.

Also, one generation of their grippers is doped with iron oxide particles, so the researchers could round up the tiny claws using magnetic fields (ACS Appl.

Solar wind also affects the surfaces of Mercury, Moon, and asteroids in the form of space weathering [13] Because they do not have any substantial atmosphere, solar wind ions hit their surface materials and either alter the atomic structure of the materials or form a thin coating containing submicroscopic (or nanophase) metallic iron particles.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constparticle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constparticle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constParticle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.