It is important to note that all breeds that are predisposed to prolapse of the gland of the nictitating membrane are also predisposed to development
of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).
It can be caused by physical trauma, a chemical injury, or chronic irritation as occurs in the case
of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS or «dry eye») or entropion (hereditary inward rolling of the eyelids).
Ignored cases
of keratoconjunctivitis sicca often make way for the appearance of blood cells on corneas, which can give them hazy and lifeless looks.
Its current product development programs include fostamatinib, an inhibitor for rheumatoid arthritis, R343, an inhibitor for asthma, R333 for the treatment of lupus of the skin and R348 for the treatment
of keratoconjunctivitis sicca or chronic dry eye.
Not exact matches
Dogs suffering from
keratoconjunctivitis sicca deal with constant conjunctivitis, or «pink eye,» the inflammation
of the eyelid's lining.
Cyclosporine, a prescription medication, is used in dogs for the management
of chronic
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS or «dry eye»).
Idiopathic canine
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (iKCS) is a common condition
of the canine eye involving a deficiency in aqueous tear production which is commonly held to have an immune - mediated, as most probably an autoimmune aetiopathogenesis.
Purpose
of Study: Dry eye (
keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common ocular disease in dogs that leads to discomfort and vision loss.
And, sometimes, the goopy eye is a sign
of a severe, chronic and painful condition called
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).
According to Boston Terrier Rescue
of North Texas, dry eyes, or
keratoconjunctivitis sicca, are common in the breed.
Dr. Cerny: Common signs
of dry eye (
keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in dogs include conjunctivitis, mucoid discharge, and irritated painful eyes.
At Salmon Creek Veterinary Clinic, Dr. Choate uses acupuncture to treat certain cases
of arthritis, hip dysplasia, seizure disorders, sprains,
keratoconjunctivitis sicca («dry eye»), lick granulomas, neurological conditions, chronic digestive disorders (such as irritable bowel disorder, diarrhea, and constipation), spinal cord disorders, and more.
Some
of the major health problems the Bulldog is susceptible to are
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), ventricular septal defect, hip dysplasia, shoulder and patellar luxation, internalized tail, eye and skin problems, and many more.
A common problem
of animal eyes most common in dogs is
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS or «dry eye» syndrome).
«Dry eye syndrome», (otherwise known as
keratoconjunctivitis sicca) often results from a lack
of tear production.
Gonioscopy, tonometry, Schirmer tear test, electroretinography, and ultrasonography are not routinely performed; thus, dogs with goniodysgenesis, glaucoma,
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye), early lens luxation / subluxation or some early cases
of progressive retinal atrophy might not be detected without further testing and do not qualify for this type
of exam.
Dry eye — otherwise known as
keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a condition
of improper tear film resulting in eye irritation.
Breed health concerns may include progressive retinal atrophy, pyloric stenosis, sebaceous gland tumors, keratocanthoma, hydrocephalus, intervertebral disc disease, entropion (usually lower lids), distichiasis, ectopic cilia, caruncular trichiasis,
keratoconjunctivitis sicca («dry eye»), prolapse
of the gland
of the nictitating membrane («cherry eye»), refractory corneal ulceration and pigmentary keratitis and urolithiasis (calcium oxalate, struvite, silica).
Pets that develop corneal ulcers because
of insufficient tears (
keratoconjunctivitis sicca) or a bulging eye are often place on cyclosporine eye drops supplemented with artificial tears.
Tear Test (Schirmer): Tear production at below normal levels are indicative
of eye problems such as
keratoconjunctivitis sicca or dry eye.
Optimmune (cyclosporine0.2 %) Ophthalmic Ointment For Dogs is indicated for management
of chronic dry eye or
keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and chronic superficial keratitis (CSK).
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type
of white blood cell Baso basophil — type
of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type
of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake
of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup
of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type
of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part
of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type
of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (
keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type
of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)