Sentences with phrase «of land surface air temperature»

Today a new set of fundamental holdings of land surface air temperature records stretching back deep into the 19th Century has been released as a result of several years of effort by a multinational group of scientists.

Further, we are key players in an effort to transform and update our understanding of land surface air temperatures through the International Surface Temperature Initiative [described in a recent paper, «Guiding the creation of a comprehensive surface temperature resource for twenty - first - century climate science.»

that the warming of land surface air temperatures is primarily a response to the warming of sea surface temperatures.

Not exact matches

The Tibetan Plateau in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains in the summer months — caused by a complex system of global air circulation patterns and differences in surface temperatures between land and oceans.

Sea - surface temperature is an important driver of the weather, and because the oceans change temperature very slowly compared with the air and land, they form a key, predictable component of seasonal forecasts.

The observed fact that temperatures increases slower over the oceans than over land demonstrates that the large heat capacity of the ocean tries to hold back the warming of the air over the ocean and produces a delay at the surface but nevertheless the atmosphere responds quit rapidly to increasing greenhouse gases.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

What we think of as the modern temperature record is made up of many thousands of measurements from the air above land and the ocean surface, collected by ships, buoys and sometimes satellites, too.

There are some various proposed mechanisms to explain this that involve the surface energy balance (e.g., less coupling between the ground temperature and lower air temperature over land because of less potential for evaporation), and also lapse rate differences over ocean and land (see Joshi et al 2008, Climate Dynamics), as well as vegetation or cloud changes.

land surface air temperature) wouldn't cause the whole edifice of anthropogenic global warming to collapse.

(The specific dataset used as the foundation of the composition was the Combined Land - Surface Air and Sea - Surface Water Temperature Anomalies Zonal annual means.)

However, the CRU global mean combined land air / sea surface temperature estimates for Jan - Aug 2005 lag behind the 1998 annual mean estimate by 0.08 C (0.50 C vs. 58C for 1998) while GISS indicates a lag of 0.02 C.

How to avoid problems with most land - based temperature weather stations: Use lighthouses as thermometers for accurate and unbiased measurement of surface air temperature.

Seems to me the debate about AGHG global warming and increasing TC frequency / intensity / duration boils down to the fact that as sea surface temperatures, as well as deeper water temperatures rise, the wallop of any TC over warmer seas without mitigating circumstances like wind sheer and dry air off land masses entrained in the cyclone will likely be much more devastating.

where depending on the wind direction and time of year, the air that the temperature sensor monitors may transit a dirt road, crops, or other land surface varations, each with a different surface heat budget., before reaching the temperature observing site.

Animation 1 compares the GISS land surface air temperature trends to UAH lower troposphere temperature trends over land for the period of 1979 to 2012.

Temperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landTemperature change from climate models, including that reported in 1988 (12), usually refers to temperature of surface air over both landtemperature of surface air over both land and ocean.

It's hard to imagine how Cowtan and Way could determine with any degree of certainty how «the hybrid method works best over land and most importantly sea ice» when there is so little surface air temperature data over sea ice.

Aqua's suite of instruments include devices that will measure cloud properties, the wetness of land surfaces, land and sea temperatures, humidity and temperature at different levels of the atmosphere, the properties of particles in the air, fluctuations in solar energy absorption and many other parameters.

This warming can be seen in measurements of troposphere temperatures measured by weather balloons and satellites, in measurements of ocean heat content, sea surface temperature (measured in situ and by satellites), air temperatures over the ocean, air temperature over land.

Effects of explicit convection on land surface air temperature and land - atmosphere coupling in the thermal feedback pathway, in revision for JAMES.

The 2009 State of the Climate Report of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tells us that climate change is real because of rising surface air temperatures since 1880 over land and the ocean, ocean acidification, sea level rise, glaciers melting, rising specific humidity, ocean heat content increasing, sea ice retreating, glaciers diminishing, Northern Hemisphere snow cover decreasing, and so many other lines of evidence.

These issues, which are either not recognized at all in the assessments or are understated, include: - the identification of a warm bias in nighttime minimum temperatures - poor siting of the instrumentation to measure temperatures - the influence of trends in surface air water vapor content on temperature trends - the quantification of uncertainties in the homogenization of surface temperature data, and the influence of land use / land cover change on surface temperature trends.

The annual anomaly of the global average surface temperature in 2014 (i.e. the average of the near - surface air temperature over land and the SST) was +0.27 °C above the 1981 - 2010 average (+0.63 °C above the 20th century average), and was the warmest since 1891.

Water takes longer to heat up and cool down than does the air or land, so ocean warming is considered to be a better indicator of global warming than measurements of global atmospheric temperatures at the Earth's surface.

Surface warming: «Global temperature evolution: recent trends and some pitfalls» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Recently amplified arctic warming has contributed to a continual global warming trend» «On the definition and identifiability of the alleged «hiatus» in global warming» «Global land - surface air temperature change based on the new CMA GLSAT datasetSurface warming: «Global temperature evolution: recent trends and some pitfalls» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Recently amplified arctic warming has contributed to a continual global warming trend» «On the definition and identifiability of the alleged «hiatus» in global warming» «Global land - surface air temperature change based on the new CMA GLSAT datasetsurface air temperature change based on the new CMA GLSAT dataset»

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

They avoid some of the issues in Millar by using more globally - representative surface temperature records, though they still use series that blend surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

According to NOAA's 2016 Arctic Report Card, the average annual surface air temperature anomaly (+3.6 °F / 2.0 °C relative to the 1981 - 2010 baseline) over land north of 60 ° N between October 2015 and September 2016 was by far the highest in the observational record beginning in 1900.

Figure 1: Global temperatures from models are calculated using air temperatures above the land surface and also from the upper few meters of the ocean.

To get a complete picture of Earth's temperature, scientists combine measurements from the air above land and the ocean surface collected by ships, buoys and sometimes satellites, too.

While consistent with the IPCC assessments of historical warming, it lacks coverage of much of the fast - warming Arctic region and blends surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

Since then there are a number of papers published on why the warming was statistically insignificant including a recent one by Richardson et al. 2016 which tries to explain that the models were projecting a global tas (temperature air surface) but the actual observations are a combination of tas (land) and SST oceans, meaning projected warming shouldn't be as much as projected.

• You are possibly aware that the land surface temperatures are not actually of the land, but the near surface air temperatures, and I seem to recall that in the past you believed that they are strongly influenced by atmospheric CO2 levels which you claimed are evenly mixed globally including at ~ 3,000 metres altitude at Moana Loa.

These are created by combining ship - and buoy - based measurements of ocean sea surface temperatures with temperature readings of the surface air temperature from weather stations on land.

The changes produced a decrease of 0.006 °C / decade for the 1880 to 2014 trend of the annual mean land surface air temperature rather than the 0.003 °C / decade increase reported by NCEI.

HadSST3, HADISST and ERSST.v3b, all include bucket model adjusted ICOADS data, and HADCRUT4 is «a blend of the CRUTEM4 land - surface air temperature dataset and the HadSST3 sea - surface temperature (SST) dataset.»

I'm inclined to think that Ocean Heat Content, trends in land ice and Sea levels are more appropriate indicators of global climate change than surface air temperatures, but that's another issue.

And the impacts of the North Atlantic on land surface air temperatures of the northern hemisphere are well studied.

They wrote that their comparisons of sea - level pressures, sea - surface temperatures and land - based air temperatures provided «consistent evidence for strong» regulation of temperatures by changes in ocean cycles «from monthly to century time scales.»

The fact this is seemingly not fully recognized — or here integrated — by Curry goes to the same reason Curry does not recognize why the so called «pause» is a fiction, why the «slowing» of the «rate» of increase in average ambient global land and ocean surface air temperatures over a shorter term period from the larger spike beyond the longer term mean of the 90s is also meaningless in terms of the basic issue, and why the average ambient increase in global air temperatures over such a short term is by far the least important empirical indicia of the issue.

The surface data (left panel) are comprised of surface air temperature over land and the temperature of water at the ocean's surface, and have been subjected to a slight additional smoothing to simplify the pattern (Jones et al., 1999).

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

It may be a consequence of a period in which surface air temperature rose faster over land than it did over sea.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

«Causes of differences in model and satellite tropospheric warming rates» «Comparing tropospheric warming in climate models and satellite data» «Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Reconciling warming trends» «Natural variability, radiative forcing and climate response in the recent hiatus reconciled» «Reconciling controversies about the «global warming hiatus»»

The time series uses - an area - weighted average of the surface air temperature over land and the temperature of water at the ocean's surface.

Figure 2.4 (Folland et al., 2001) shows simulations of global land - surface air temperature anomalies in model runs forced with SST, with and without bias adjustments to the SST data before 1942.