But in the case
of liberation theologians, this is not obviously the case.
But one still looks in vain among the writings
of liberation theologians to find discussions of the indispensable institutions of democratic (republican) government, such as guarantees of rights of minorities against the tyranny of the majority or divisions of responsibilities and functions that avoid dangerous concentrations of power.
The willful blindness
of the liberation theologians, their unwillingness to search in the world of social theory beyond the lucubrations of socialism, has had very high costs for the poor during these past twenty years.
The book analyzes the move
of some liberation theologians, notably Gustavo Gutierrez of Peru, away from Marxist ideology, even before the Revolution of 1989 consigned Marxism to the dustbin of history with such rude decisiveness.
Although Pope John Paul II has made clear his disagreement with the revolutionary approach
of liberation theologians, Catholic social teaching is more radical than the popular opinion of the present Pope, based on his views about birth control and sexual morality, might suggest.
Elsewhere I have attempted to spell out in greater detail these developments in contemporary philosophical reflections on the praxis of reason in sciences and scholarly disciplines, indicating how they support the intellectual performance
of liberation theologians (TW 103 - 47).
Ratzinger's position in the Curia makes it clear that he is not simply speaking for himself, but in the name of the Vatican, which has been carrying on an undercover investigation
of liberation theologians.
Kappen, Liberation theology and Marxism, «There are a number
of liberation theologians who employ Marxian methodology and terminology in their writings.
We often overlook the fact that Africa and Asia are producing an impressive cadre
of liberation theologians who deserve an...
We often overlook the fact that Africa and Asia are producing an impressive cadre
of liberation theologians who deserve an equally wide hearing as they reflect their own indigenous situation.
Process theologians can hardly read the writings
of liberation theologians without being pleased to see that many of their emphases are highly congenial.
There is nothing in the social location
of liberation theologians to prevent this.
The church
of the liberation theologians: José Míguez Bonino, Juan Segundo, Gustavo Gutiérrez and the rest — the church of the poor and the dispossessed.
His 1948 book was indeed moderate by comparison with the enthusiastic Marxism
of the liberation theologians who were to come.
Yet Benedict was suspicious
of liberation theologians because some aligned themselves with political movements that sought to overthrow repressive governments in Latin America, other historians say.
Not exact matches
Novak leaves the reader with the impression that Latin America's devastating poverty is the result
of the «misbegotten form
of social analysis» employed by the
liberation theologians.
As such, Walker's central challenge to process thought becomes his own theological struggle for coherence in a metaphysical scheme that denies what he affirms as fundamental to a black
liberation theologian, i.e., that the most inclusive concept
of God is the God
of the oppressed.
The theology
of the fourth church is,
of course, being formulated by the
liberation theologians of the southern continent — José Míguez Bonino, Juan Segundo.
Walker's efforts are based on his belief that Hartshorne's principles are entirely consistent with the agenda
of black and
liberation theologians.
Walker's vision as an African American
liberation theologian gives his essay its strength, and tears asunder his harmonious vision
of Hartshornean idealism.
Under the influence
of the recent varieties
of liberation theologies we are learning to appreciate this way
of theologizing, and some
of the more creative work in the interpretation
of Wesley and the Wesleyan tradition has drawn on correlations
of theological method with the
liberation theologians.
Collaborative and complementary work by process
theologians and
liberation theologians can contribute to the realization
of South American Indian social justice.
If it is the task
of liberation theology to speak from the point
of view
of the victims
of social and economic injustice, what is the appropriate response
of those
theologians in the oppressor community who hear and want to support the aspirations
of the oppressed?
Occasionally
liberation theologians suggest that injustice is a function
of capitalism and would be overcome more or less automatically in a socialist society.
The
liberation theologian does not first work out questions
of the nature
of God and Christ and the church in one context, such as that
of the academic community, and then apply these answers to the social situation.
It may be even more difficult for
liberation theologians to admit that there are values in the perspective
of the oppressor when they see so clearly the marks
of interest in the structures
of society the oppressor has organized and in the ideology by which these are justified.
The question now is whether there is any point
of contact on the side
of liberation theology for the concerns
of process
theologians in areas to which
liberation theologians have paid less attention.
One point
of contact between process theology and
liberation theology depends on repentance on the part
of process
theologians.
I see no problem for one whose social location is close to the poor to be a
liberation theologian who appropriates the basic categories
of process thought.
Even in Latin America we suspect that there is an indigenous perspective that comes closer to ours than to that
of many
liberation theologians.
The first three sections
of this paper have illustrated this, indicating the changes needed on the side
of process theology as it responds to the truth
of what
liberation theologians are saying.
But the question I am asking is how North American
theologians can appropriately respond when they acknowledge the truth, and the critical importance,
of what they hear from
liberation theologians.
The insistence on the value
of other creatures seems to many
liberation theologians to be an effort to impose on poor people unnecessary limits to the way they go about meeting their urgent needs.
Whatever is said in justification
of the practice
of process
theologians in the past, however, it must also be recognized that in the encounter with
liberation theologians we are called to repent.
I believe there is, and I think that
liberation theologians are becoming aware
of this.
There is little doubt that the concern for cultures and religions expresses the middle class social location
of most process
theologians, whereas the focus on political and economic issues and the concomitant demand for justice express the identification with the poor that is the glory
of liberation theology.
Throughout, he interacts appreciatively with the
theologians of hope and
liberation, especially Jurgen Moltmann and the Latin American
liberation theologians.
Although Brown does not uncritically agree with everything said by
theologians of liberation, he presents his form
of process theology more as a supplementation and conceptual grounding
of their insights than as expressing a different understanding
of the theological task.
Feminist and
liberation theologians have questioned the new orthodoxy's valorization
of divine helplessness, expressing concern over whether the emphasis on God sharing our abuse and death may underwrite our own passive acquiescence to violence.
But what makes today's left so sure that economic justice and sexual
liberation coincide in the way, say, that truth, beauty, and goodness do in the schemes
of theologians?
You can check out every installment
of our interview series — which includes «Ask an atheist,» «Ask a nun,» «Ask a pacifist,» «Ask a Calvinist,» «Ask a Muslim,» «Ask a gay Christian,» «Ask a Pentecostal» «Ask an environmentalist,» «Ask a funeral director,» «Ask a
Liberation Theologian,» «Ask Shane Claiborne,» «Ask Jennifer Knapp,» and many mor — here.
You can check out every installment
of our interview series — which includes «Ask an atheist,» «Ask a nun,» «Ask a pacifist,» «Ask a Calvinist,» «Ask a Muslim,» «Ask a gay Christian,» «Ask a Pentecostal» «Ask an environmentalist,» «Ask a funeral director,» «Ask a
Liberation Theologian,» «Ask Shane Claiborne,» «Ask Jennifer Knapp,» and many more — here.
This is at odds with the teaching
of liberation theology, where you had black
theologians like Dr. James Cone who wrote that the gospel is essentially for the oppressed and not the oppressor.
This has happened especially among Latin American
liberation theologians, who have worked out the full gamut
of Christian doctrines in a way that can lay claim to being a continuation and transformation
of the whole tradition.
This failure can be illustrated with the same example, for although Marxists on the whole have been less sexist in their attitudes than have psychoanalysts, they appear only a little less deficient when viewed in the light
of contemporary feminist consciousness.37 Or, again, use
of Marxist sociology by Latin American
theologians of liberation has done little to free them from implicit anti-Judaism in their theological formulations.
For
liberation theologians, speaking out on behalf
of the disempowered is Christ - like.
There are some
liberation theologians who consider reconciliation between oppressed and oppressor («forgiveness
of sins») to be part
of a vision
of liberation.
But the timing
of this question is ironic because process
theologian John Cobb just wrote about how process and
liberation theology intersect here.
For female
theologians from Africa, Asia and Latin America, Jesus, besides identifying with the poor, is a model
of true humanity who can inspire others to struggle for
liberation.
In contrast, traditional Catholic churches serve vast numbers
of people who have little or nothing in common, and they are often impersonal «supermarkets for the sacraments,» as some
liberation theologians call them.